Evaluación de diferentes métodos de aplicación de fungicidas y extractos botánicos para el control de pudrición de corona de banano.

Abstract

In Ecuador, the cultivation of bananas is one of the ones that generates the most employment at the national level, being one of the crops with the highest export demand, given that there are phytosanitary problems that are sometimes difficult to control, it should be emphasized that crown rot It is one of the diseases that attacks the most in the post-harvest of the crop, since at the time of being exported they present symptoms of (Fusarium spp) and sometimes this fungus causes contamination of 86% of the entire load. In addition, the excessive use of chemicals to control this fungus not only affects people's health but also causes environmental pollution. The misuse of the coverage applications at the time of the cluster fumigation, cause economic expenses, towards the producer. The development of the crop depends both on the edaphoclimatic conditions, and on the nutritional components that are related in the application of fertilizers, fertilizers, compost, etc. They serve to ensure that its growth is adequate and promote its production to be high, although low production is governed by poorly elaborated cultural practices, causing pests and diseases to increase its economic threshold, adapting to the conditions of the plantation. The research was carried out at the Santa Inés Experimental Farm of the Technical University of Machala in the phytopathology laboratory in the year 2020-2021, which had the general objective of evaluating the different methods of application in postharvest and of ethanolic extract of cinnamon in the control of crown rot in banana fruit and, as specific objectives, to determine the severity of the crown rot disease in the different treatments. This is why the research was carried out to counteract the application of chemicals, controlling the problem with the cinnamon extract, using different crown coverage applications, where a completely random experiment of nine treatments with three repetitions was used. The variable studied was the severity of the crown rot disease, since treatment 5 (48.5 ml of water + 1.5 cinnamon extract, with brush application), proved to be the best control for the effect of crown rot, being the most efficient brush application method, thus resulting in treatment 9 (absolute treatment) was the least efficient for the control of this disease