Efecto de trasplante de plántulas en parámetros morfoagronómicos del cutlivo de zanahoria (daucus carota).

Abstract

Carrot is a type of vegetable belonging to the apiaceae family, and is considered one of the most important and highly consumed species within this family. It originates from central Asia and the eastern Mediterranean area. In the primary root of the carrot is where the edible part is found, which has an enormous concentration of isoprenoid structures or carotenoid pigments. World production exceeds 14 million tons, with countries such as China, the United States, Russia, Uzbekistan and Poland accounting for more than 52%. The per capita consumption of carrots in Ecuador is 1.64 kg/year. The main provinces where carrots are grown are Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Tungurahua, which account for 94% of national production. The methods of direct sowing are: broadcast, in line and blows, it can also be sown indirectly in seedbeds, which are used to have more chances in the germination stage and improve the resistance of the seedlings. The research was conducted at the Santa Inés experimental farm of the Technical University of Machala, with the objective of demonstrating the morphoagronomic behavior of the carrot crop by transplanting seedlings in different types of sowing. To evaluate the effect of seedling transplanting on morphoagronomic parameters, a simple Latin square design was used, because the researcher manipulates the time of seedling transplanting and there are two uncontrolled factors (slope of the land and soil fertility) that can influence the results, so it was necessary to apply the double blocking technique, that is, blocking each factor in columns and rows. The study factor that was manipulated was the type of sowing (direct sowing, transplanting at 7 days, transplanting at 14 days and transplanting at 21 days). The variables evaluated were plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaf thickness (cm), leaf length (cm), fruit length (cm), fruit thickness (cm), weight of experimental unit (kg) and agricultural yield (t ha-1). To verify whether or not there were significant statistical differences between the types of planting in terms of the variables mentioned above, an intergroup factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, due to the presence of two uncontrolled factors. The results show that transplanting at 7 days presented greater weight (4.10 kg) in contrast to the other types. The number of leaves at 35 days (5 leaves) did not show significant differences; however, at 70 days, direct sowing and transplanting at 7 days (10 leaves) showed significant differences with transplanting at 14 days and transplanting at 21 days (9 leaves). Transplanting at 21 days showed the lowest height at 70 days after transplanting (56.3). Fruit length showed significant statistical differences with the 21-day transplanting (14.3) being the shortest in length. The type of planting that obtained the highest yield was the transplanting at 7 days (27.34 t ha-1), surpassing the other types of planting.