Tema de investigación efectos de dos enmiendas edáficas sobre parámetros agronómicos de producción en banano (<i>musa x paradisiaca</i> l.)

Abstract

The banana (Musa x paradisiaca L.) is of great economic importance for the agricultural sector and is considered a staple food in tropical countries. The main producer country is India with 36.52% of world production, followed in order of importance by China (13.53%), Indonesia (9.29%), Brazil (8.17%), and Ecuador (8.05%) in fifth place. Ecuador produces bananas mainly in the coastal zone (El Oro, Guayas, Los Ríos, Esmeraldas) and in the warm valleys of the highlands (Cañar and Loja), which have specialized in banana production and export. Fertilization plays a very important role in banana productivity and its application is directly to the soil, having as a disadvantage the loss of nutrients and minerals by leaching and volatilization, in addition to causing soil degradation. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of the application of two soil amendments (powercalciovit35% and biochar) in the integrated management of banana crops. The present research was carried out in the experimental area of the Santa Inés farm, belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, located at km 5.5 of the Machala-Pasaje road. Twenty-four banana plants of Clone Williams, Cavendish subgroup were selected, the experimental area of the study was 300 m^2, where three blocks were established, each block was occupied by a treatment chosen at random, each treatment had eight experimental units; the work was carried out with the application of soil amendments in the fertilizer band, including T1: application of 20 g powercalciovit35% + 30 g KNO3, T2: 50 g biochar + 30 g KNO3 and T3: 30 g KNO3. The variables evaluated were: plant height, leaf emission, bunch weight, rachis weight, processed ratio, sun hand weight, number of hands, number of fingers in sun hand, sun hand calibration, last hand calibration, number of leaves at harvest, bunch age and return. With the data obtained, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of one factor was carried out in the IBM SPSS STATICS 22 software, where the interaction between the groups was analyzed, where there are indeed significant differences in some of the variables, T1 (powercalciovit35% + KNO3) obtained better results in the weight of the sun hand with a mean of 9.49 lb, the age of the bunch at cutting with 12. 75 weeks and in rachis weight with 5.08 lb; on the other hand with the application of T2 (Biochar + KNO3) better results were obtained in bunch weight with 45.81 lb, processed ratio with 0.95, number of hands with 6.38, higher number of fingers with 22.25, number fingers at harvest with 3.88, bunch age at cutting with 12.75 weeks and return with 107.38 cm. In addition, Microsoft Excel software was used to make the growth curve of the plants, where T2 made the plants grow faster with an average of 21.08 cm per month, leaf emission was also analyzed, where T2 obtained a better result with 2.83 leaves on average per month. The data of the present research correspond to 14 months (November 2019- December 2020), according to the soil analysis performed show that T1 (powercalciovit35% + KNO3) improved EC and CICE, while in one of the most significant parameters which is the MO better results were observed in T2 (biochar +KNO3).