Comparación de tratamientos de biochar + óxido de silicio (sio2) aplicado a un suelo bananero en el cantón el guabo

Abstract

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers has led to the degradation of agricultural soils and the loss of natural fertility, which causes farmers to invest in more chemical fertilizers to achieve productivity. In the particular case of banana farmers, they urge a change in the way soils are amended, following a trend towards an organic and sustainable model. In this context, biochar or biochar, resulting from incineration in the absence of oxygen, at temperatures between 300 to 700 °C, a process called pyrolysis, is an alternative to recover soils. Therefore, the object of the research is to study the amendments with biochar to the soil in the vegetative growth of the banana plant mother and son. For this purpose, plant growth and fruit quality were taken into account through the application of different biochar treatments using banana rachis and cocoa husk as raw material. All the details originated the following general objective: to compare the effects of the treatments of biochar + silicon oxide (SiO2) applied to a banana (Musa Sp) soil as an amendment, by means of an experimental design in the field. The experimental design was of the experimental type. For which four plots of 50 x 50 m were delimited, cultivated with banana, then in each plot 10 plants were selected to form the treatments plus the control plot. Treatment (T1) 100 g (SiO2) + 100 g (cocoa biochar), Treatment (T4) 100 g (SiO2) + 20 g (cocoa biochar) and the control plot (T0) where the conventional fertilization used on the farm was applied. The variables measured were: the height of the banana plant, the number of leaves of the son and the mother plant, the number of hands per bunch and the weight of the bunch. The height of the son of the mother plant in the last week of treatment showed a good development in treatment 3, which means that this treatment is very efficient for the evolution of the plant, and variables such as weight and number of hands per bunch are some of the most important to evaluate. The incidence of the application of 100 grams of SiO2 plus 15 grams of cocoa biochar (T3) has made the production more profitable since the weight of the bunch (40.85 pounds) and the number of hands (8) has increased in contrast to the other treatments. In the development of the pseudostem of the son, T3 (32.40 cm) and T4 (31.40 cm) were the best. Treatment 3 was the highest in almost all variables, achieving many positive effects on the banana plant. It is recommended to work with other sources of raw material to elaborate biochar and at different pyrolysis time and temperature, as well as to combine with beneficial organisms such as Trichoderma spp. and other fertilizers such as poultry manure, humus, etc.