Efectos del deshije en la productividad de banano comparando la seleccion de los hijos en la unidad de produccion

Abstract

Ecuador is known worldwide as one of the main banana exporters representing approximately 28% of agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) and 2% of total GDP, in the country there are around 7,300 producers considering the province of El Oro with a high amount of cultivated hectares and a production of 5,705,285 tons, which is the best production with 2,594,000 tons / Year, which represents 43.27% of the total production, followed by the Rivers and Guayas. The banana plant is affected by many external and internal factors such as diseases such as black sigatoka, all this influences a lot if the production units are not physiologically strong plants, which greatly depends on the selection of the future production unit that affects The work of the desiccation, the trimming of shoots and the selection of a follower are fundamental concepts and tools for perennial banana production. The competition between the mother plant and the child becomes more severe when more than one production unit is selected, which results in lighter bunches, therefore it has been planned to evaluate the effects of desiccation on banana productivity, selecting one, two production units and the desiccation system at calving, the treatment was carried out in a banana farm located in the La María Site of the Machala canton. The treatments used were Treatment 2, early desiccation was carried out selecting the second crown bud for an adequate production unit. Treatment 1, in this process all possible squamiform offspring are left in the 360 degrees of the mother plant whose selection of the future production unit is made at the time of the emergence of the cluster in the mother plant, selecting the unit by location, vigor, size, etc., these farms have excellent nutritional conditions with potassium application that go above 360 grams of potassium per plant per year and control, deep desiccation was used in a banana plantation whose selection is late and in many of cases leave deep doubles. The results indicated that the Control presented the lowest value where they are allowed to grow as 2 children or more production units, the clusters become smaller with poor quality and some plants may not bear fruit at all, during the harvest of the mother plant treatments 1 and 2 whose values of emitted leaves f10 is 8.42 (T1) and 7.72 (T2) are higher than the control with 4.66 leaves, indicating that the returns of all the treatments reached the independent vegetative phase but that at the level of development and reserves is not adequate since the returns to obtain an essential phenological development with a commercial bunch must reach more than 8 leaves f10 at the time of harvest of the mother plant which was observed in treatment 1 of the same, the height could be determined of the son where treatments 1 and 2 are significantly different from the control by having more height (m), in the sons with values 2.52 b (T1), 2.59 b (T2) and 1.47 a (Control). Treatment 1, the bud desiccation method with the second crown and lateral ones have an optimal development over the control considering it emitted the most f10 leaves, the traditional desiccation with deep son and the producers who left double son as a production unit obtained the most low yields that directly affect banana production, the desiccation method at calving is very effective in the performance of the mother plant because in its time it uses the drag of nutrients that it obtains from its sword children (squamiform) that thanks to its roots and that still do not have true leaves to carry out photosynthesis, these nutrients are used by the mother plant to meet its physiological needs, the use of treatment 2 with the second crown desiccation with only one is the simplest and easiest to perform.