Evaluación de la calidad de agua,utilizada en los sistemas de riego en el cultivo de banano, machala - el oro

Abstract

Water is an essential vital liquid as much as for human beings, animals and plants, water today is used for agricultural purposes. In this study, water analysis was carried out from two different water sources, such as canal and well water, in order to assess the quality of water available for irrigation of banana crops in the Canton "Machala", using the main indicators to assess the quality of irrigation water. Water quality is a term used to describe the chemical and physical characteristics of water, it depends on the use that will be carried out, to obtain high quality crops it is necessary to know the optimal conditions and it also varies from the source of water that will be used. since each water contains different characteristics as well as well and canal water that differentiate them from one another. The water will be of good quality for agricultural irrigation use, fulfilling its basic functions for the growth of plants that guarantee optimal performance without causing harmful effects to the soil, the salt content may be the main reason for the deterioration of the quality of agricultural water. , the use of saline water for irrigation can reduce the absorption of water in plants, the EC indicates the total dissolved solids in the water and is the most important parameter to determine salinity hazards. The samples from the two water sources (channel and well) were randomly selected, these samples were taken from six different farms in the Machala canton and the concentration analysis of cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na), anions (NO3 , SO4, Cl, HCO3), Ph and electrical conductivity, to obtain reliable results the water samples were chosen to be sent to the NEMALAB laboratory that has the respective certification and accreditation in the city of Machala. The corresponding water quality indicator calculations to assess its quality are the following parameters such as: He calculated the sodium absorption ratio index (RAS), effective salinity (SE), potential salinity (SP) and residual sodium carbonate ( CSR) was allowed to be achieved through the respective established formulas to reach the expected results. The RAS values can be tolerated if the salinity of the irrigation water increases, on the contrary if the RAS of the water decreases it can be dangerous in the soil if the EC is low. Resulting in a low content of cations and anions in well water has a difference with channel water, a statistical analysis determines the differences in the physical-chemical parameters of the two sources of well and channel water, determining the descriptive parameters. , Shapiro Wills test and correlation. Allowing to know the conditions in which the water that is used for irrigation in the banana crop is found and to reveal the adequate water for the use of irrigation, in order to obtain a better yield and development in the crop.