Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos en la propagación del banano (musa x paradisiaca l.) clon williams en vivero

Abstract

The banana is a fruit originating in Asia and is cultivated in all tropical regions throughout the year. The main producing countries are India with 36.52% followed by China (13.53%), Indonesia (9.29%), Brazil (8.17%) and Ecuador (8.05%). In the latter it is of great importance in the social and commercial sphere, it is fundamental in the food diet of the population, for banana propagation from chives, immediate multiplication from corm, traditional propagation or strains, micropagation, propagation by organogenesis, the use of substrate in the nursery phase has great interest in the growth presenting physical, chemical and biological properties that allow a good germination and growth of the plant. The objectives of this research were: To determine the effect of organic substrates on the growth of banana corms (Musa x paradisiaca) clone Williams in nursery. This research was carried out at the Santa Inés Farm, belonging to the Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala, located at km 5.5 of the Machala-Pasaje road. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was applied, using polyethylene bags (0.20m X 0.30m) with three treatments and three replications, with a total of 180 experimental units with a separation between blocks of 0.80 m for each replication. The treatments were: T1 (79% loamy soil + 12% rice husk + 9% ground charcoal); T2 (54% loamy soil + 8% vegetable peat + 38% pumice); T3 (41% loamy soil + 28% pumice + 39% organic matter + 2% fine sawdust). The variables evaluated in this research were: sprouting percentage, plant height, pseudostem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, number of roots, root length, root weight, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight every seven days. The data obtained were analyzed with the IBM SPSS STATICS 25 software for the comparison of means using ANOVA of one factor (p≤0.05), where no significant differences were found in all the variables evaluated. Among the most representative results obtained from the research, it can be seen that when planted in T1 (79% loamy soil + 12% rice husk + 9% ground charcoal) and T2 (54% loamy soil + 8% vegetable peat + 38% pumice stone), they had the same sprouting percentage of 86.67%. In addition, in T2 the plants produced in this substrate were taller at 90 days with an average of 12.88 cm, pseudostem diameter at 90 days with 1.54 cm, number of leaves with 3.6 leaves, leaf length with 21.36 cm, leaf width with 10.32 cm, root length with 11.25 cm, root weight with 4.85 g, with T3, the number of roots presented an average of 2.7 roots greater than the two treatments. However, with T1, the plants presented higher fresh weight of the plant with 248.7 g and dry weight of the plant with 77.92 g, surpassing the substrate of treatment two. This research shows that the use of organic substrates with the best development was T2 (54% loamy soil + 8% vegetable peat + 38% pumice stone), because it provides good sprouting and allows us to obtain more vigorous seedlings in the nursery. It is recommended to continue evaluating with other existing substrates.