Incidencia del intervalo de riego en sistema de irrigación subfoliar, aplicando fertirriego y fertilización edáfica en la producción de banano

Abstract

Water is a very important limiting component in agriculture, in addition to nutrition, which means that its lack or excess causes decreases in the development and production of crops. In order to compensate for these water and nutritional needs of crops, complementary irrigation systems and a good type of fertilization have been used. Banana is a plant that requires a lot of water and nutrients to obtain a fruit of international quality. Given the need to increase the yield and determine the incidence of some irrigation intervals with different types of fertilization in the banana crop, the research work was carried out at the "Marquez" farm located in the parish of La Peaña in the Pasaje canton, the experimental design used in the field was a completely randomized block with four treatments and three replications, carried out in four different modules: T0= Control; T1= 2 irrigations per week of 1 hour and 30 minutes + soil fertilization; T2= 2 irrigations per week of 2 hours + Fertigation; T3= 1 irrigation per week of 3 hours + Fertigation and soil fertilization. The variables evaluated were: Height of mother plant (Apm), Height of son (Ah), Leaf emission of son (Efh), Cluster weight (Prm), Rachis weight (Prq), Number of hands (Nm), Number of fingers sun hand (Ndms), Number of fingers last hand (Ndum), Finger length sun hand (Ldms), Finger length last hand (Ldum), Finger length last hand (Ldum), Grade of sun hand (Gms) and Grade of last hand (Gum). Infiltration was determined using the physical test with Munz rings for the different treatments. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software, using exploratory box and whisker plots to visualize the behavior of each variable, followed by analysis of variance (Anova) and Tukey's test to determine the significant differences and the different subsets, and finally the descriptive analysis to compare and determine the best treatments. According to the results obtained, it is evident that the yield increases when applying 2 irrigations per week of 2 hours with fertigation association (T2), presenting better incidence in the development and production of banana, with height of mother and child of 4.08 and 2.11 meters respectively, in addition to a leaf emission of 0.8 leaves per week, unlike the control treatment that presented a lower average with a value of 3, 67 for mother height and 1.59 m, according to production, T2 presented a higher bunch weight with 75.6 Lb with an average number of 8.20 hands, of which the sun hand and the last one had a total of 27.60 and 15.80 fingers respectively, while the control had a lower production with a bunch weight of 46.9 Lb with an average of 5 hands, with 24.60 fingers in the first hand and 15.80 fingers in the last one. By means of the infiltration tests it was determined that treatment 3 presented a higher infiltration rate with 52.79 mm/hour, according to the table of physical properties it was identified that it is within the infiltration parameters for a sandy loam soil.