Diseño de un protocolo de tricología forense a través del análisis de técnicas empleadas en resolución de casos médico legales.

Abstract

Forensic trichology is based on the comparative study of the macro-microscopic characteristics, biometrics, structures and forms of the hair element of human or animal origin. This study is applied in cases of rape, homicide, vehicular abuse and other crimes where the hair provides valuable information for the identification of the victim or aggressor in a crime. The research work focuses on designing a protocol of forensic tricology through the analysis of techniques used in the resolution of legal medical cases, describing the techniques used when analyzing a hair sample and the importance that it has as evidence in a criminal act using scientifically validated bibliographic sources. Optical microscopy is used to identify microstructures and origin of the sample to be analyzed, followed by complementary techniques such as: anatomy examination to identify the region to which the hair belongs, electron scanning microscopy for the identification of the chemical composition of the sample, staining for gender determination by detecting the Barr corpuscle on the chromosome by affinity to dyes, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis for maternal and paternal lineage testing, finally for toxicological analysis we proceed to the search for organic compounds (drugs, pesticides, among others) and inorganic ( Pb, Cd, As and others). Concluding that the techniques used will allow the identification of the origin of the specimen in a criminal act.