Efectos adversos maternos por el uso de misoprostol en inducción del trabajo de parto en atención primaria en salud

Abstract

Induction of labor is one of the most commonly performed interventions in obstetrics, the purpose of which is to achieve cervical ripening and stimulate contractions of the uterus before the onset of labor. Currently, WHO recommends the inclusion of misoprostol among essential drugs for obstetric, use due to its pharmacological qualities, helping cervical ripening, being a drug that is easy to use, low in cost and can be stored at room temperature. OBJECTIVE: To determine the maternal adverse effects of the use of misoprostol in induction of labor in primary health care METHODOLOGY: Review of scientific literature, published since 2016, in databases such as PubMed, Scielo. DEVELOPMENT: Induction of labor using misoprostol increases the risk of complications of labor and delivery, including uterine hyperstimulation, uterine rupture, perineal lacerations, severe postpartum hemorrhage and uterine prolapse, contributing to a negative experience of labor in the woman. In doses of 20 to 200 µg, it was shown that with the use of oral misoprostol, the rate of tachysystole varies from 15.2% to 22.2%; the rate of hyperstimulation (tachysystole with fetal distress) ranges from 1.0% to 1.9% CONCLUSION: Among the adverse effects of the use of misoprostol in induction of labor, many of them unexpected, it requires that the personnel in primary health care have adequate preparation in the timely identification of uterine hyperstimulation, which could result in rupture uterine or severe postpartum hemorrhage.