Diseño de una planta de agua potable para la Ciudad de Machala

Abstract

According to the INEC, the city of Machala had a population of 256,022 inhabitants until 2010. Taking into account that the demand for drinking water increases as the city develops; Therefore, the main objective of this research work is to design a drinking water plant for the city of Machala by means of a bibliographic search. To carry out a population estimate, 3 methods were used: arithmetic, geometric and mixed. With this last method, a projection of 296,406 inhabitants was obtained for the year 2030. Based on this projection, a flow of 1.22 m3 / s was used. Regarding the characterization, parameters were taken into account according to the CPE INEN 5 Part 9-1 standard for the effluent and, for the effluent, the NTE INEN 1108 standard was used. For the determination of operations of the plant, type C water was considered as a tributary whose characteristics are: average turbidity less than 150 NTU and NMP less than 5000 fecal coliforms / 100 ml. According to this type of water, the following operations were designed: a pre-treatment with mechanical cleaning grids that, like simple settlers, were proposed with two units at a flow rate of 0.61 m3 / s, slow filters for which 220 units were used with 99 m2 of surface area and a flow rate of 0.0055 m3 / s; finally, a chlorination tank was designed considering a dose of 2 mg / l of sodium hypochlorite.