Recopilación bibliográfica de tecnologías alternativas para el tratamiento de relaves mineros para minimizar la cantidad de metales pesados

Abstract

It is not a secret that today the environment has suffered and continues to suffer severe blows to its ecosystem, increasing pollution does not stop and continues to increase. Mining, being one of the oldest trades of man, has brought much benefit to society, but also harm at the same time. The present work of bibliographic compilation on alternatives for the treatment of mining tailings tries to look for new friendly alternatives for the environment by involving it, using plant taxonomy, plants that have evolved in the conditions that man himself has put them. They have developed characteristics of resistance to living in a contaminated environment and not only that, but also to decontaminate it, absorbing the greatest amount of metals in their air organs, they have the ability to detoxify and translocate roots much faster. The studies that could be compiled for this work focused on phytoextraction and rhizofiltration techniques, obtained very positive and promising results of being an effective alternative. For the phytoextraction technique, it was decided to work with the Brassica juncea species for lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr), and 23.35 mg / kg was absorbed for chromium at its highest point. And for rhizofiltration, we worked with grass roots, sambo and alfalfa for chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) in which the one that had the best absorption percentage was copper, reaching from the first day of treatment more than 50% absorption.