Factores socioculturales condicionantes de la dependencia económica de las mujeres amas de casa residentes en la comuna San Agustín

Abstract

The economic dependence of women is a phenomenon that has emerged throughout history in a global perspective, has been deployed in all social and economic spheres to be presented as a widespread problem where there are new forms of coexistence. In this context, the present research work is developed with the modality of an integrating project, in effect, it studies the socio-cultural factors that condition the economic dependence of housewives residing in the San Agustin commune. This fact is manifested as a product of an economy that has not been liberated from a prevailing patriarchal order in the community, which causes an offense towards domestic work, being this a fundamental element in the current mercantile dynamics, orienting women in a situation of labor damage in front of men. The problem has been raised in a systematized manner through the following research question. What is the significance of socio-cultural practices in the economic dependence of housewives in San Agustín in the Santa Rosa canton Therefore, the main objective is to determine the transcendence that sociocultural practices have on the economic dependence of housewives in San Agustín of the Santa Rosa canton. The object of study is inscribed in the normative regulations of the Technical University of Machala, in the domain Education, Equity and Citizenship and with its respective line of research Social Equity and Citizen Organization, corresponding to the degree of Sociology. The research is based on the theories of gender and feminism as sociological currents, applying the qualitative approach and as research techniques were used, the interview and the execution of a focal group that were applied to qualified informants representative of the environment, as well as members of the neighborhood committee and professionals who work in the commune, finally the survey was executed to housewives as key actors in the research, therefore it was possible to collect the necessary data for the work. Among the results obtained, it was determined that housewives carry out productive activities that generate low income. In addition to this fact, the few working days vary between one and two days, making work precarious. In addition, it was detected as a serious socio-cultural factor the imposition of machismo as an expression of a patriarchal society that has limited the independence of women, establishing negative behaviors that minimize, discriminate and exclude the female by subjecting her to the dominance of men. After the diagnostic study, an integrative proposal was developed. Training program for the inclusion of the housewife resident in the San Agustín commune in the development of the productive microenterprise sociofamily enterprise, with the purpose of designing eight training courses-workshops for housewives, where they aspire to an active and dynamic participation in the different planned activities, All this with the firm intention of promoting individual or associative inclusion in the world of microenterprise, family and community entrepreneurship, allowing them to improve their social and economic status, contributing in a decisive way to the integral development of the San Agustin community.