Resistencia a la insulina y sus alteraciones metabólicas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is considered a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues and a defect in the secretion of insulin by the pancreas. Common symptoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are usually present in DM2, although they are not always present, so clinical parameters will be needed to measure glucose level and lipid profile. The present study established the relationship between metabolic alterations and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus for the resolution of the clinical case. The methodology used is descriptive through the bibliographic review of diabetes mellitus guidelines and scientific articles that determined the relationship between dyslipidemia caused by metabolic disorders and the low effect of insulin on liver, muscle and adipose tissues. Consequently, this alteration gives way to the process of gluconeogenesis, which will contribute to hyperglycemia and an increase in the components of the lipid profile that are evidenced by hypertriglyceridemia, an increase in low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density (VLDL) and reduction of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the development of complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.