Sistema de gestión ambiental basado en la norma iso-14001:2015 para la dirección de manejo de residuos sólidos del cantón Huaquillas

Abstract

Every company or institution, both public and private, must have a well-defined organizational structure, which allows establishing the human resources necessary to fulfill its functions, in addition to having designated responsibilities, considering that the professional profile of the personnel is adequate; When an institution has an inadequate organizational structure, its performance will be negatively affected, causing the service it offers to not meet expectations. This project consists of three chapters, the first focuses on the diagnosis of the object of study, the second on the integrative proposal, and the third on the assessment of feasibility. Chapter I details that the approach of the present work is quali-quantitative, because subjective and exact results are obtained, In the same way, descriptive, exploratory, field and documentary research was considered, For the collection of primary information and identification of the most relevant problems in the study area, the non-standardized interview was applied, subsequently an impact assessment was carried out based on a methodology used by the Ministry of the Environment, which consists of performing an analysis of the magnitude and importance of the impact through various parameters to obtain a percentage range of previously identified problems or impacts, where those with a higher percentage of significance were prioritized; Obtaining as a result that, in the Directorate of Integral Management of Solid Waste Management of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Huaquillas canton, the central problem lies in the lack of compliance with legal requirements and the creation of environmental projects and programs, mainly caused by its organizational structure deficient and lack of specialized personnel in the environmental part, causing them to be unable to comply effectively with the exclusive powers established by the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador 2008. In chapter II, according to the results obtained in the previous chapter, the elaboration of a scheme of the Environmental Management System based on the ISO 14001: 2015 standard for the Directorate of Integral Management of Solid Waste Management of the GAD Municipal Huaquillas, in order to improve its organizational structure and to be able to fully comply with the functions that correspond to them. The EMS has essential guidelines so that any institution can improve environmental performance and increase its operational efficiency, it can be considered as a tool that facilitates the organization of the internal structure, including all the corresponding processes and activities, with the objective of consummate all environmental and social requirements. In chapter III, the feasibility of the proposal was determined, for this, research tools were used, among which is the McKinsey 7s Model for the technical dimension, which establishes essential factors that must be worked in an integral way to achieve success in the organization; the Method of costs avoided for the economic dimension, which indicates the savings that can be generated in the institution, by avoiding the generation of environmental impacts, The SWOT Matrix for the social dimension, this allowed to carry out an analysis of the Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses and Threats of the EMS, and finally the Ishikawa Diagram for the environmental dimension, better known as the cause-effect diagram, this tool facilitates the proposal of solutions to the various problems that arise, the analyzes carried out in each dimension show positive results, indicating that the proposal is feasible. In conclusion, the EMS scheme will allow to improve the organizational structure of the Directorate of Integral Management of Solid Waste Management, and consequently fulfill its competences, improving its institutional image and the socio-environmental environment in the Huaquillas canton, in addition, it will serve as a benchmark for other institutions to establish their own EMS.