Zonificación de áreas óptimas para un relleno sanitario en el cantón Arenillas mediante el análisis multicriterio

Abstract

Places for the disposal of solid waste are of great importance within the environmental management and territorial planning processes of municipalities due to the social, economic and environmental implications. Population growth leads to the progress of cities and the development of economic activities, but it also leads to an increase in waste generation, which must be earmarked at sites with various specifications. The final disposal of solid waste is a common problem for developing countries, this problem is even more complex in small towns and in rural areas that do not have sufficient resources, resulting in the creation of open pit dumps, the leasing of fillers in other cities, or the improvisation of places without any technical study for this purpose. The canton Arenillas currently has an open pit dump that met its lifespan and a study has not been carried out that meets the criteria established in Ecuadorian environmental regulations, so it was proposed a zoning of optimal areas for the placement of a landfill in the canton, through a multi-criteria analysis , using Geographic Information Systems GIS. Therefore, this integrative work has been designed through the following structure, chapter one used two matrices, one for verification of compliance with Ecuadorian environmental regulations of the disposal of solid waste in open pit dumps, and another cause matrix – effect for the identification of possible environmental impacts. Based on the analysis of the matrices, a number of problems could be found such as non-compliance with the regulations in several criteria considered and the identification of negative impacts that cause impacts on the social part and on air, water and soil resources, mainly due to the poor location of the current dump. Chapter two carries out the integrative proposal, which seeks to solve the problem through a zoning of optimal areas for the implementation of a landfill in the canton Arenillas, through multicriteria analysis. The results were obtained by considering the criteria set out in the rules of Book VI, Annex VI of TULSMA and the use of Geographic Information Systems GIS. In addition, three restriction criteria were considered, the distance to protected natural areas, geological faults and flood zones. Finally, a reclassification of areas was carried out on the basis of the projected population density of 22 years and a further reclassification, considering the place with the greatest source of solid waste.