Determinación del impacto socioambiental en la laguna de Chillacocha y establecimiento de medidas preventivas y correctoras como factores de conservación

Abstract

The qualitative approach allows us to obtain results on the current problem of the Chillacocha Lagoon. In chapter one it was developed based on scientific bibliography and field visit, which allows us to collect information and then validate it in a baseline of the Lagoon and then develop the diagnostic process. Direct observation in situ allows us to determine the current situation of all the resources that the study site has. They were applied as types of additional research, Descriptive, Projective, Exploratory, Explanatory. The methodology uses techniques Observation, Documentary, Open interviews), instruments Participant observation, SWOT Analysis, Field notes, Interview questions, Artifact, Programs. In the diagnosis or evaluation of the state of the Chillacocha lagoon area, characterized the study area, determining the quality of its environmental services, the environmental impacts that are generated in the Chillacocha lagoon were determined through an impact characterization matrix, where the most representative activities of the place are described. Helps to predict the change Biophysical and socioeconomic. In the matrix of identification of environmental impacts there are more negative than positive impacts, the negative impacts develop in the environmental components due to economic activities. The Chillacocha Lagoon is located within the Chilla canton, the height at which It is located at 3260 meters above sea level, the taxonomy of its soil s son, alfisol, entisol and inc eptisol. The problem of land cover and use is the loss of plant cover, the agricultural frontier is expanding. The site has three types of climates: Cold climate with an average annual temperature of 8 ° C - 12 ° C; cold temperate climate with an average temperature of 12 ° C - 15 ° C and, in the lower part of 20 ° C - 30 ° C on average, The Chillacocha lagoon is one of several points of natural attractions with great tourist potential that the Chilla canton has, its access road is of third order, the problem is that there is no knowledge of the importance that this lagoon has both for the economic development through tourism, as for the conservation of the environment, the technicians express concern about the neglect and absence of projects to encourage tourism in a sustainable way, this is due to the lack of political decision. A negative environmental impact of the area is the introduction of invasive tree species such as pine Pinus patula, this causes negative species to move, other impacts are generated by tourism, lack of culture, among others. In the impact characterization matrix, we have the result that the environmental impacts with the greatest significance are ecosystem deterioration and lack of political decision on the part of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Chilla, it has been considered to take corrective and preventive measures that will be reflected in a plan of Environmental and tourism management will help us to generate short, medium and long-term strategies to alleviate problems that are evident in the study area, management alternatives for sustainable tourism development are proposed, this leads us to consider five management programs that are based in the actions to be taken by the local, municipal and provincial administrative entities.