Determinación de factores ambientales que afectan la microcuenca Río Bonito y planteamiento de políticas ambientales para conservar el recurso agua

Abstract

The determination of environmental factors, whether socioeconomic or physical, is timely to establish the degree of affectation in the Río Bonito micro-basin, it has an area of 3440.57 hectares, through the method of observation we have been able to visualize activities of anthropic origin such as expansion agriculture, deforestation, mining in the area that are carried out without any awareness, highlighting the lack of environmental education, which is the fundamental tool to instill conservation values and ecological knowledge, sharing actions and commitments for the conservation of natural resources. The importance of a sustainable management of the Río Bonito watershed is for it to be managed in a strategic way, that is, to plan its use so that in this way natural resources are used for easy resilience. The water resource is an environmental factor that is being affected by economic activities such as agricultural and mining activity that are not being measured or regulated, causing moderate environmental impacts, thus causing the reduction of aquatic ecosystems and loss of freshwater species, but also the population Your health could be affected since a large part of this water is being used to irrigate crops and as drinking water, due to heavy metals, pesticides and other substances that form chemical chains, being even more dangerous for aquatic diversity. and human due to the bio-accumulation of chemical elements in your body. Agricultural activity is considered the largest source of diffuse contamination of fresh water due to various cultural tasks that it requires, such as the execution of pesticides that pollute the water through runoff affecting the biota in general, on the other hand, there is the use of fertilizers in an intensive way that is used to increase the production of its crops affected not only the water resource but also the soil. For this, it is important to design environmental policies through a technical study that allows the analysis of environmental factors, whether physical or socioeconomic, that are causing damage to the water resource for its conservation and guaranteeing the eco-systemic balance for a good life in the entire micro-basin. In the Rio Bonito parish, it will have an environmental management plan as an important instrument for the management of natural resources, it has strategies, plans, programs and activities aimed at ecosystem conservation with the goal of preventing and mitigating the environmental impacts that are carried out in the Rio Bonito micro-basin, offsetting these negative impacts with viable and friendly strategies such as prevention within the design of the environmental management plan, highlighting environmental education as a fundamental tool for changing culture and raising awareness in society, as well as well as the importance of the correct classification of solid waste for these to be used and transformed into productive matter such as organic fertilizers resulting in a much more economical and environmentally friendly fertilizer.