Evaluación de fertilización aplicada al pseudotallo de banano (musa x paradisiaca l.) cavendish gigante con fuentes distintas de potasio

Abstract

Banana cultivation is widely distributed throughout the regions of the planet that present favorable conditions for its development, it is considered the fourth most important food crop worldwide, likewise Ecuador produces 12% of bananas that supplies the international market, being The main agricultural export product of this ruble, thanks to its climate and geographical location, has managed to position itself in the most demanding international markets, due to the premium quality of the Ecuadorian fruit. The province of El Oro has 17% of the cultivated area of bananas of the national total, since it has soils of alluvial origin, with excellent physical-chemical conditions, rich in organic matter, very fertile, also its climate with an average of 8 hours light is ideal to produce a fruit with a high amount of brix degrees, unique texture and aroma, demanded in the most demanding international market with high quality standards, this allows generating sources of employment, the entry of foreign currency to the country, improving the national economy . The present work aimed to implement an efficient and less polluting method of fertilization than edaphic fertilization, in order to promote the growth of the succession or return son by applying different sources of potassium applied to the harvested pseudostem or "mother". In the experiment, a completely randomized block design was used with three treatments, three repetitions and 30 experimental units per repetition, the treatments used were: T1 = Potassium Muriate (K) 50g. + 10g. Fosil shell Agro + 10g. Ac. Boric + 10 g. Oxi. Zinc; T2 = Potassium Sulfate (K) 50g. + 10g. Fosil shell Agro + 10g. Ac. Boric + 10 g. Oxi. Zinc; T3 = Potassium Muriate (K) 50g. + 10g. Fosil shell Agro + 10g. Ac. Boric + 10 g. Oxi. Zinc; Witness. The variables evaluated were: (DAC) days to harvest; (DPC) days from calving to harvest, (AHC) height of son at harvest, (NHC) number of leaves at harvest, (NM) number of hands, (NDMS) number of fingers of the sun hand, (PRAC) bunch weight, (PNEFR) net fruit weight, (PRAQ) rachis weight, (GMS) degree of sun hand, (GUM) degree of last hand, (RATIO). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22 software. Using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at 0.05 of significance. The results that present significance are the variables of AHC, DPC, PNEFR, and the Ratio, they present a discriminant value to the other variables due to their significance level less than 0.05 in comparison with the other variables. The results obtained in the research indicate that it is feasible to carry out this method of fertilization applied to the newly harvested pseudostem or “mother”, since the mother continues to nurture the return or child after harvesting and by macerating the harvested pseudostem, which together with the treatment, provide an excellent nutritional contribution to the successional son, causing a better development in height and vigor in the return, in addition to obtaining bunches of high agronomic quality with a good number of hands, an optimal filling of the fruit in the bunch and consequently bunches with good weight, thus increasing the production RATIO (bunch / box conversion). The best treatment with regard to Harvest Height of the Son (AHC) was T2 (Potassium Sulfate) with an average height of 475 centimeters; for the variable Total Number of Leaves to Harvest (NHC), the ones that stood out the most were the treatments T1 (Potassium Nitrate) and T2 (Potassium Sulfate) since both presented an average of 24.3 leaves; In the variables Days to Harvest (DAC), Number of Hands (NM) and Number of Fingers of the Sun Hand (NDMS), the most relevant was T3 (Muriate of Potassium) with values of 228 days, of 8, 1 hands and 26.4 fingers in the sun hand of the cluster, in its middle; Likewise, for the variables of Bunch Weight (PRAC), Rachis Weight (PRAQ), net fruit weight (PNEFR) and the ratio, the treatment that stood out from the rest of the treatments was T1 (Potassium Nitrate) with values, in its average, of 76.8 pounds, 8.1 pounds, 68.6 pounds and 1.60 respectively; These are the variables that determine the productivity in the banana crop in this case, as well as the foliar emission since the plants carry out the photosynthetic process through the leaves and in this way produce nutrients through solar energy (hours light), where T1 stood out, in addition to the variables (AHC), (DAC), (NM) and (DMS), T1 (Potassium Nitrate) came in second place with mean values of: 468.4 centimeters height 234 days, 8 hands, 26 fingers, since if we compare it with the treatments that stood out, its values do not differ much, this is why we conclude that the best treatment was T1 made up of (Potassium Nitrate + Zinc Oxide + Boric Acid + Fossil Shell Agro), caused optimization of the assimilation of nutrients, a good filling of fruit in the bunch, an increase in productivity in the plant and therefore an optimal weight of the bunch, reducing the losses of fertilizer by leaching, evaporation, washing and volatilization n that occur in edaphic fertilization processes.