Efecto de la enmienda biocarbon+biol y sio2 en un suelo franco arenoso sobre el desarrollo vegetativo de musa sp.

Abstract

Banana production is one of the main export crops worldwide, contributing with a high economic level to the country with the generation of direct or indirect sources of employment for many families. In Ecuador and mainly within the province of El Oro they contribute approximately 42% of banana production thanks to the fertility of their soils and optimal environmental conditions for the production of a unique product worldwide. The main disadvantage of the crop is the misuse of chemicals that cause contamination of the water, the environment and mainly the degradation of the soil, which is the most important factor for production. At present, banana soils and the environment are affected by the misuse of agrochemicals, causing physical and chemical problems, lowering production yields due to the accumulation of heavy metals that come in the formulations of agrochemicals. That is why the focus of this research was born with the purpose of counteracting the degradation of the soil and pollution of the environment using a biochar from cocoa shells, a raw material that is used because it absorbs the heavy metals present in the soil and increases the percentage of efficient microorganisms, also increasing the productivity of the cultures, in combination with a biol that adheres to Trichoderma spp, used for its ability to degrade pathogenic fungi; requiring humidity for its establishment and reproduction in the soil, and being able to control diseases to the crop and silicon oxide with 30% organic matter that provides its benefits at the edaphic and plant level, also delaying the increase of black sigatoka. The research was carried out in the banana farm "San Carlos" belonging to the El Guabo canton, in the province of El Oro, the treatments were applied with the purpose of comparing the effects of cocoa biochar in increasing doses (10g, 20g, 30g), in combination with 100 g of SiO2 and three levels of biol (100ml, 150ml, 250ml), each one at 10 repetitions. The results reflected in this investigation in the height of the child, the treatment that showed the greatest growth was T1 with a height of 217.80 cm compared to T0 with a height of 195.40 cm; in the thickness of the pseudostem, T1 showed a greater circumference growth of 57.60 cm in contrast to the control treatment T0, which showed a thickness of 52.10 cm; the number of leaves of the son on T2 and T0 showed homogeneity in their results with 11 leaves each treatment, while in T1 and T3 they presented 8 and 9 leaves per plant; the weight of bunches obtained in T1 and T3 was 23.70 kg, with a great noticeable difference in the control treatment T0, which was obtained at a weight of 17.40 kg; treatments T1, T3 and T0 showed an equality in the number of hands in the bunches, unlike T2, which was where a greater number of hands was obtained; In the foliar emission of the mother plant, treatments T1 and T2 presented a greater number of leaves (9 leaves) while in the control treatment T0 we reached the harvest with 6 leaves. The effect of the treatments on the development of the plants was noticeable compared to the control.