Comparación del desarrollo vegetativo de musa sp. en un suelo con tratamientos de biocarbon + yeso agricola.

Abstract

The misuse of banana soils currently shows negative effects such as the loss of fertility in the soils, compaction, decrease in cation exchange capacity, which shows an economic loss by seeking alternatives with synthetic fertilizers that in the short term show high productions but in the long term exhaustively deteriorate the soil so an attempt is made to supply this need with more fertilizers because the soil produces less and less. The alternative of using biochar is friendly to the environment due to its carbon sequestration in the soil, reducing greenhouse gases, its production is low-cost so its use is profitable, which is aimed at increasing the soil fertility improving its physical, chemical and biological properties thus increasing microbial life creating an adequate atmosphere for the development of the root system as well as the availability of nutrients due to its contribution of organic matter, the application of biochar in controlled doses carried out in a crescent in the corm of the plant it serves as a support for the water due to its physical structure and texture which is capable of retaining certain volumes of water, the quality as well as the texture of the biochar depend on its production method, that is, the time subjected to pyrolysis which is a thermal process of the degradation of matter, in an environment with controlled temperatures. This trial was conducted in the canton of El Guabo, in the parish of Santa Lucia in the sector "La Raquel", in a conventional banana production farm, the lot with the lowest production of the property was chosen, which shows problems of compaction as well as a low ratio so it compared the vegetative parameters of Musa sp. in different treatments with doses of biochar based on cocoa husks and biochar based on banana rachis, in combination with 100g of agricultural gypsum (CaSO4). 2H2O) of which its properties are known to improve the physical conditions of the soil, mainly in compaction and erosion, in this framework the effect of both fertilizers in combination is unknown. The treatments (t) were: 20g biochar of cocoa (t1); 20g biochar of banana (t2); 30g biochar of banana (t3); 30 g biochar cocoa (t4) and 100 g NPK (control). The measurement variables were: plant height, circumference or thickness of stem, number of leaves issued in the mother, number of leaves issued in the child, bunch weight, number of hands per bunch and weight of roots in a 0.95m² prism. Prior to the application of biochar, a soil analysis was performed to determine the percentage of organic matter available in the soil and the pH, in order to have accurate knowledge of soil infertility. In the results of the study carried out, significant differences were obtained (p>0.05), in root weight (variation: 15.10 g in t4 to 7.70 in t2), thickness of the pseudostem (variation: 42.10cm in t4 to 37.60cm in t1), and height measurement (various: 238.45cm in t4 to 205.05cm in t5). All treatments showed higher values than the control, being the best treatment 4.