Análisis de la relación genotipo ambiente con seis variedades de café (coffea spp..) en la granja experimental santa inés

Abstract

The present research was carried out at the Technical University of Machala, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in the Experimental Area of the Santa Inés Farm located at km 5.5 of the Machala - Pasaje road. Six varieties of coffee donated by the Municipality of Zaruma from the coffee seedbed were evaluated. The objective of this research was to determine the most suitable genotypes according to soil and climate conditions for the establishment of production plots in the experimental area of the Santa Inés Farm. Twenty morphoagronomic descriptors were taken. Repeated plots were made with thirty-five plants per genotype having a total of six hundred fifty-eight coffee plants, shade was implemented using musaceous plants. The morphoagronomic descriptors studied were the habit of the plant, plant height, trunk diameter, plant radius, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, branching habit, shape of the stipulum, length of the stipulum edges, color of the young leaf, leaf length, leaf width, leaf shape, shape of the leaf apex, length of the leaf petiole, color of the leaf petiole, design of the ribbing, branch length, branch distance, leaf distance. With the data obtained from the research on the morphoagronomic characterization of the different varieties of coffee, a Diagram of marginal means was made to identify which variety was the best adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the zone, being the Geisha variety the one that presented the best behavior in relation to the other varieties. The descriptors that presented a level of significance lower than 0.05 were the HP (plant height), RP (plant radius), LH (leaf length), LR (branch length). In addition, a Dendrogram based on similarity distance was carried out, which resulted in three well-defined groups that showed the phenotypic diversity among the six varieties of coffee. Group one was made up of four varieties: Conilon, Sarchimor, Criolla robusta 1 and Geronimo, which showed similarities among them, unlike groups two and three, which were made up of a single variety called Robusta Criolla 2 and Geisha, the first group among them the most discriminating descriptors ZLR (branch length), ZDR (branch distance), ZHP (plant height), ZNR (branch number), ZDT (trunk diameter), ZRP (plant radius) which are the ones that establish greater viability in the six coffee varieties, followed by the second group of intermediates that may or may not be discriminant ZDH (leaf distance), ZLH (leaf length), ZAH (leaf width), ZDB (shoot distance) and the third group of non-discriminant descriptors ZNH (number of leaves), ZLPF (leaf petiole length), ZLA (edge length). In recommendation these materials are of great value for the future for projects in plant breeding because of their agronomic characteristics for obtaining new cultivars that will help the farmer to improve Ecuador's production in the coffee sector.