Determinación del indice de brucelosis en fincas lecheras de pequeños y medianos productores en el cantón el Guabo, El Oro

Abstract

Brucellosis is a zoonotic, infectious and contagious disease that, because of its high rate of contagion, is considered a mandatory reporting disease in public health, having a great economic and social impact, and because of the symptomatology it presents in females such as: abortion, births of weak offspring, decline in milk production in general and the discarding of infected valuable animals , while in males inflammation of the testicles (orchitis) and epididymis (epididymitis) is mainly diagnosed; their modes of transmission are usually due to the mis management of placentas and their secretions when there are abortions or preterm births, consumption of un pasteurized milk, the existence of breeding programs with animal semen that their health plan is not known. Brucellosis should be diagnosed by applying differential diagnosis between diseases such as bovine infectious rhinotracheitis. The objective of the research was to identify the prevalence rate of brucellosis in El Guabo, El Oro Province, by using the Rosa de Bengal test or Card-test; 300 animals from the following parishes were sampled: site San Vicente, El vergel, La puntilla, Barbones, Sabanas de Pagua, Rio bonito and Chaguana Bajo y Alto. Samples were taken in a coccygeal vein using vacutainers and a cooler to keep samples at an optimal temperature for transport and further analysis. The samples were placed in the agglutinoscope frame with the help of a 3 ml pipette, 1 drop of serum, then 1 drop also of the Bengal Rose antigen, which we mix with a stick toothpick in circular form to achieve a homogeneous mixture and then the agglutinoscope proceed to move it in a circular way, waiting four minutes to observe the presence of a reaction or not taking into account any reaction other than the negative (transparent) is considered positive. The results show that in the age group category, 12% were less than 1 year, 27% from 1 to 2 years old and predominance of the group from 2 to 10 years (61%). In relation to the breed variable, it was up to Brown Swiss animals to be the most common to be represented by 108 animals (36%) Brown Swiss pure and 67 animals representing 22% of the Hybrid Brown Swiss population, and thirdly Brahman animals with 15% of the total followed by Jersey breeds, and crossbreeds mentioned above for a total of 9%. In relation to the sex variable, the most significant group was females with 90% of their population, the resulting in a reduced participation of males (10%). The results obtained in the variables age, sex and breed correspond to the herds of animals present in dairy farms. It is concluded that the prevalence rate in El Guabo is 0% which makes it possible to infer that, in a general sense, farmers are carrying out good health management.