Valoración de las buenas prácticas de manejo en una finca de cerdas reproductoras en el cantón Balsas

Abstract

Good practices in breeding systems are a set of factors intimately linked to the type of management that animals receive from the farmer; although often the safeguarding or putting above, so to speak, happiness of the animal relates to the ethics that the person possesses, however the application of technical procedures or measurable and comparable parameters to improve living conditions, in this case, breeding bristles we refer to animal welfare, whose main objective is to meet food needs , management, tenure, bodily condition and health, which in turn are the variables of interest, of mothers and young in an environment, where possible, similar to the wild environment and in turn free of stress and suffering. In this sense the objective of carrying out this thesis revolves around the application of good practices in the management of pigs and systems that covers their natural requirements and consequently the increase in productivity. This work was carried out on a breeding swine farm in the Canton Balsas of the province of El Oro; the average environmental conditions of the area where the farm is located is 10 to 20oC temperature with a relative humidity of 70% to 85%. The methodology applied is observational, applied and descriptive, focusing on breeding bristles and their piglets, paying attention to their routine and suring the quality of life they lead; In addition, an interview was conducted with the owner of the campus where animals are cared for in order to obtain information about the method and reproductive problems, maternal behavior, water quality and others related to variables and the scope of the objectives. The scoring system recommended by the Welfare Quality project was used for quantification of the data and the simulator provided by the same evaluation system was used for processing. The results show that dietary indicators, including system and method, meet basic nutritional needs by having 84% of mothers an ideal bodily condition; the Good Housing indicator "Free of discomfort", the farm obtains a high score product to thermal comfort, absence of limping, skin lesions, ease of sloping and lying down; the missing score is because they do not develop scanning movements because the tenure system is caged; in relation to the Good Health indicator, no evidence of animals with health conditions was observed, while social interaction between humans (carers) and animals is excellent, so animals are not afraid of contact with people, the holding of piglets, although in cages, develop playful behavior; they also showed no injuries, limps or pathological injuries so they are in good health. It is concluded that the implementation of good practices guarantee the well-being of bristles and their young by keeping them stress-free.