Determinación de compatibilidad sanguínea por medio de pruebas cruzadas en caninos (“<i>canis lupus familiaris </i>”) en la ciudad de huaquillas.

Abstract

Pre-transfusion testing, also known as cross-matching, are a prior step when performing blood transfusions, it`s goal is to determine the degree of agglutination and compatibility between donor and the recipient in both directions through of the detection of natural alloantibodies or acquired alloantibodies that may be present; the larger test assesses the affinity between the donor's red cells and the recipient's plasma serum, while the smaller test compares the recipient's red cells and the donor's plasma. based on the degree of agglutination of each test after measuring its serological compatibility and the incompatible blood products that arise from it at the microscopic level. This research is descriptive and experimental, a sample of 65 canines, made up of 39 males and 26 females, from different ages, weights and breeds, and 1 ml of blood was extracted. from the cephalic vein, they were considered as recipients, and compared with a common donor (selected for being up-to-date in their vaccination and deworming schedule, from an age of 8 years, 35kg, Pitbull American Bully breed and with normal results of hemogram and blood biochemistry); the tests were carried out on slides at a different temperature: 37 °C, 26 °C (room temperature) and 5 °C; the location of the study area was in the Huaquillas canton, El Oro province. To carry out the tests, the plasma was first separated from the red blood cells by centrifuging the samples and placing them into labeled test tubes, then the erythrocytes were washed, followed by their final suspension and finally the cross major test and minor crossmatch were performed. The 95% of the samples were positive (incompatible) with various degrees of agglutination at 26 °C and 37° C, while at a temperature of 5 °C the percentage of incompatibility was evidenced in 94% of the cases; Regarding the positive samples, the degree of agglutination 1+ was the most common, followed by 2+, and to a lesser extent 3+. 60% of the canines sampled presented values within the normal range of hematocrit, where 59% are male (mostly purebred) and 49% are female (mostly purebred). Finally, it is worth mentioning that of the total samples obtained and processed, only 3 had negative results (0% agglutination), in other words, they are compatible with the canine chosen as donor, also if we take into consideration that the breeds within that group ,all of them were mestizos. This leads us to suggest and highlight the importance of the use of compatibility tests and, if possible, blood typing prior to a blood transfusion, since there is a great variety of blood groups which increases the risk of observing post-transfusion reactions.