Efectos de probioticos comerciales en piscinas de engorde para crecimiento y prevención de enfermedades en el cultivo de l. vannamei.

Abstract

The cultivation of shrimp called "camaronicultura" is one of the largest economic sectors in the country, since it is carried out all along the Ecuadorian coast, covering large production areas, located in islands and highlands depending on the type of cultivation. Its intensification due to better production results has been affected by diseases that can reach total mortality causing economic losses. In order to control this problem and have a better prevention, the application of antibiotics has been practiced; however, their use has been a cause of criticism due to the impact that has been developed in the environment, therefore, one of the friendliest alternatives with the ecosystem that has been implemented is the use of probiotics that contain a mixture of bacteria that generate benefits during the development of the culture. The use of probiotics in recent years is present in almost all commercial culture protocols. Its application within the Pacific white shrimp culture is necessary, considering its uses, from the control and prevention of diseases, growth and development of a better immune system, and thus avoiding the use of antibiotics that cause negative effects to the aquatic environment. Live probiotic bacteria (mycoorganisms) applied in the diet alter the host's microbiota developing their beneficial effects, among them are the most representative genera such as Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus ,etc . It has not yet been completely determined the mechanisms of action that these exert, due to the existence of bacterial strains not yet completely identified, but there is a variety of bacteria that have demonstrated a beneficial role in cultures, at present are still being studied for proper application because our aquatic environment is constantly changing by commercial activities in production improvements. The tests carried out in this work are aimed to determine if commercial products with a special mix of bacterial strains can help growth, disease control and ecosystem improvement. Its application was given in the following way; probiotic (A) liquid applied in the preparation of the soil, probiotic (B) powder applied next to the food during the first 15 days and (C) tablet applied directly to the water every 15 days. The shrimp were planted directly, and at an average density of 118 animals per square meter. Its effects were evaluated through quantitative data by means of the statistical tool SPSS. The collected data were of weight, microscopic observation of gills, hepatopancreas, intestine, besides it was analyzed ammonium, ph and oxygen. After 94 days of cultivation, it could be determined that the weights obtained did not have significant differences among the treatments, as for the health monitoring, the values demonstrated that it is viable the application of these products since it maintains a stable level to the animals and also improves the environment, finally, at the level of studied parameters, they did not present significant differences between control and treatment, which indicates that there is not a major influence in the application of commercial probiotics.