Proceso de diagnóstico y evaluación psicológica de la discapacidad intelectual en la infancia, análisis de caso.

Abstract

The intellectual disability is an alteration that arises at early ages, is characterized by cognitive and adaptive restrictions, the specification is based on the severity of different levels that may correspond to mild, moderate, severe, deep, depending on the value of the individual's IQ and ability to cope with the environment; the symptomatology shows problems of language, perception, memory, motor skills, low academic performance in reading, writing, calculation, shyness, difficulty in maintaining social relationships. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of diagnosis and psychological evaluation in case analysis of a child under 11 years old, who exhibits characteristics of the disorder. Systematic bibliographical review was carried out by means of current scientific articles referring to the topic, also information collection instruments were used such as interviews to parents, teachers, clinical history, genogram, pedagogical reports, direct and indirect observation, also the application of psychometric tests with validity and reliability indexes such as Wisc-5, K-ABC and ABAS-II is proposed, elements appropriate to the age of the subject, the integration of information from these elements originates the development of the psychological report, an instrument that is the preamble to the diagnostic approach and possible treatment with a cognitive-behavioral approach. in which the approach is posed through techniques such as psychoeducation, training in social skills, problem solving in the conceptual, social and practical domains, the therapeutic dynamic is built with support systems consisting of family, teacher, educational community, with the intention of achieving comprehensive functioning, autonomy, inclusion and quality of life.