Diseño de zapata aislada central, excéntrica, esquinera y su procedimiento constructivo de un edificio de hormigón armado de 5 pisos.

Abstract

When the Civil Engineer uses soil as a construction material, he must select or choose the appropriate type of soil so he must have knowledge about its operation, classification and its properties. For the realization of a foundation it is necessary an adequate calculation and to know the land where the structure is going to be built, since if it fails the structure collapses. The superficial foundations are structural elements in charge of transmitting loads from the building to a depth of soil less than 4 m. In building constructions, what is used the most are the footings since they are cheaper, easy to execute and to adapt well to resistant terrain. In the case of isolated footings that are shallow foundations, they can be made of different geometries and are classified into central footings, dividing footings or eccentric footings and corner footings, these are characterized by supporting and transferring the individual support load to the ground. It is important when making the isolated footings of a building on site, to follow the respective order of construction procedures such as. Cleaning and clearing Leveling and profiling The layout and stakeout The excavation Placing the screed or layer of simple concrete Placing the steel mesh grates The assembly and placement of the column Preparation and pouring of concrete Vibration And finally, the removal of the formwork if it has been used.