Aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería en un paciente pediátrico con incompatibilidad sanguínea

Abstract

Blood incompatibility is an immunological condition against antigens of paternal origin present in fetal and newborn red blood cells that arises when two different and incompatible blood types are mixed, resulting in an isoantibody immune pathology being the most frequent cause of hemolytic disease in the newborn (1). It occurs in newborns A or B of mother O. The disease can occur in the first pregnancy of a mother O who has anti-A or anti-B antibodies (IgG) without previous sensitization (1). ABO blood incompatibility is more frequent in males than in females, representing 50% of cases in the first child (1). In general, this pathology represents 12% of pregnancies, but only 3% have the possibility of direct positive fetal sensitization and less than 1% have hemolysis. Around 40% to 60% of full-term newborns present jaundice in the first days of life (2).