Manejo actualizado del traumatismo esplénico

Abstract

Introduction: The spleen is most often injured in closed abdominal trauma. Immediate management aims to evaluate the bleeding and decrease it. Methods for the treatment of closed trauma include observation, splenectomy, and splenic rescue procedures by splenorraphy or embolization. The most frequent complications are hemorrhage, infection, thrombosis and pneumonia. Vaccination is necessary to avoid infections caused by common pathogens. Objective: To update information about splenic trauma to contribute to improve mortality and morbidity rates in Hospitals in Ecuador. Materials and methods: An exhaustive search was conducted on the PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo platform, academic search engines such as Google Scholar, based on scientific articles, clinical practice guidelines, controlled studies, clinical trials and multicenter studies published in indexed journals and applying filters from the last five years. Conclusion: The presence of splenic trauma requires well-structured behaviors that allow defining the type of management and avoiding complications or even death in most affected patients. The behavior depends largely on the control of hemodynamics, which would allow to take conservative actions in an important group of patients and limit invasive procedures in the face of hemodynamic instability.