Signos de resonancia magnética en diagnóstico de hernia discal

Abstract

A herniated disc is defined as the displacement caused by pressure from the upper or lower vertebra and results in a detached or ruptured disc, the herniated nucleus pulposus can put pressure on the nerves near the disc, which causes pain. Recurrence of these hernias usually occurs in the lower spine and is one of the most common causes of low back pain or leg pain. OBJECTIVE: To describe the signs of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of herniated disc through the bibliographic review of scientific articles. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive study was carried out through an exhaustive search of scientific articles that address the radiological signs of herniated disc through databases such as PUBMED, COCHRANE and Google Scholar of the last 5 years. RESULTS: 15 bibliographic reviews were shared describing the imaging characteristics in the diagnosis of herniated disc by magnetic resonance, in addition to the differential diagnosis with other disc pathologies through radiological findings that define and conclude the presence of a herniated disc. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of herniated disc has superiority over computed tomography and myelography, since it does not use ionizing radiation and is the most specific study to visualize the anatomy of the spine in order to detect injuries, abnormalities or diseases that with other diagnostic methods are not possible to be detected.