Valoración de bilirrubina sérica en neonatos que padecen de ictericia, en el Hospital San Vicente de Paul, Pasaje, 2020.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to quantify the serum bilirubin values (direct, indirect and total) and blood groups in newborns suffering from Jaundice, hospitalized in the Neonatology Area of the San Vicente de Paul Hospital. The type of study that was used was descriptive and experimental, where blood samples were taken from icteric infants, to be analyzed using the quantitative method of the automated blood chemistry equipment technique (Dirui CS-T240) and (Dirui DR-700) manual, applying the photometric and spectrophotometric method. In this study it shows that the 33 icteric newborns that were admitted, had elevated concentrations of total bilirubin from 8 mg/dl onwards, statistically demonstrating a subdivision of values between lows close to normal (8,4mg/dl-12mg/dl), medium (13mg/dl-15,3mg/dl) and high (15,6mg/dl-33mg/dl), where it also shows physiological values with a total of 63,7% (unspecified and generalized) and pathological values 36,4% (due to incompatibility of the ABO group). Of the values that were quantified, they present a total of 33 samples, giving an average among all the initial total bilirubin titers (8mg/dl to 33mg/dl), achieving statistically an average of 14,7mg/dl and final total bilirubin values on discharge with an average of 11,45mg/dl, while continuing to obtain ABO blood groups from both the mother and the newborn through blood typing. Finally this research work reached the following conclusions, from the measurement of total bilirubin concentrations, their values exceeded a figure greater than 1,1mg/dl, where it shows that most frequently it was between 10mg / dl at 13,3mg / dl, giving discharge permission to newborns with minimum values of 8,4 mg/dl. Blood groups (mother and child) were determined, showing a higher frequency of the positive O group, both for the newborn and the mother giving a percentage of (57,6%), continuing with the positive group A giving less percentage than the first at (30,3%), it is finally deduced that the B + group is infrequent, within which a percentage value of (12,1%) was obtained. Of the 12 cases due to incompatibility, it is observed that it obtained a value of 36,4%, demonstrating that it was only given by ABO group but not by Rh factor, the relationship that exists between (neonatal jaundice and ABO incompatibility), is because groups generally of the mother were O Rh positive, while the groups of newborns varied between A positive and B positive, meaning that the mothers naturally possessed antibodies against the A and B antigen, which is why these antibodies pass through the placenta , attacking the erythrocytes of the fetus so that they tend to be destroyed and in turn decrease, generating a level of anemia at birth and an accumulation of severe bilirubin. In this research work, the most common cause for pathological values arose due to the incompatibility of groups giving a total of 12 infants with a higher percentage in males 66,7% (8) and with a smaller proportion in females 33,3% (4).