Generación de gas metano mediante la codigestión anaerobia de residuos sólidos urbanos y biomasa de la cuidad de Machala.

Abstract

The objective of this research was to produce biogas through anaerobic co-digestion of biomass and urban solid waste, which allowed us to take advantage of these organic wastes, transforming them into a renewable energy source such as biogas. The co-digestion process offers different advantages such as reducing costs by processing different types of raw materials in the biodigester, recovering energy from different biomass and better degradation of organic waste, obtaining a better yield in obtaining biogas. The raw material used was sugarcane bagasse as biomass, from artisanal grinding ‘’ Don José ’’ and solid urban waste from the ‘’ El Macho ’estuary located in the city of Machala. The methodology consisted of preparing different experiments to evaluate the biogas yield in each of the selected biomass from which the following results were obtained, potato peel (35.64% CH4), papaya peel (1.64% CH4) , pineapple peel (0.11% CH4), pea peel (16.13% CH4), banana peel (0.39% CH4), bean peel (0.76% CH4), sugarcane bagasse wet (96.06% CH4), semi-dry sugarcane bagasse (91.39% CH4), sugarcane bagasse (80.85% CH4) and potato peel with sugarcane bagasse (58.74% CH4) After the analysis of the different codigestiones, the sugarcane bagasse presented better results with a 15% increase in the generation of methane by pretreatment that consisted of moistening the crushed sugarcane for 24 hours, which it becomes an effective carbon source for biogas production due to its high cellulose content (25 – 45%) and hemicelluloses (25 – 50%), we worked with anaerobic biodigesters that were suitable in 500 ml containers for laboratory-scale experiments and a 20 lt PVC container for semi-pilot scale experimentation under equal conditions, with a feed of 75% (sediment, sugarcane bagasse and water 0.75: 1.5: 1.5) leaving 25% free for the aeration of microorganisms and biochemical reactions of the digestion phases anaerobic, propylene bags were used for the storage of biogas, in a time of 78 days and at environmental conditions. The percentage of CH4 and CO2 was determined by gas chromatography that allows the separation and quantification of different compounds present in a mixture by means of adsorption.