Síndrome de desgate por empatía en personal de enfermería del hospital de la ciudad de Huaquillas provincia de El Oro

Abstract

The present work tries to determine the predisposing factors for the appearance of the syndrome of wear by empathy, for this it has focused on the basic premises of the historical-cultural and cognitive-behavioral approaches, the first addresses the historical life of the individual from a constructive level and predictor of resources that serve as support for the subject, on the other hand, cognitive behavioral theory provides a broad explanation of the symptoms and effects within thinking and behavior. The categories of analysis that arise are: personal involvement, personal care and vulnerability. The study involved a nurse with 4 years in the profession, also works in a medium where he maintains direct contact with patients, currently resides in the City of Huaquillas and works in the general hospital of the same city. This research corresponds to a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative), a narrative-biographical design is used that will support the interpretation of the details of historical life during the speech given by the subject, this is complemented with a descriptive scope- interpretive that allows to glimpse the determining aspects for its analysis and interpretation to support the investigation. To proceed to address the subject in a pertinent manner, a written consent was made in which it is stipulated that the information obtained is of a confidential nature and with purely investigative purposes, after that the open psychological interview is conducted which was conducted in 4 sessions, this type of technique allows the patient to systematically narrate the most significant events in his life and thus obtain relevant information, in addition, the application of measuring instruments such as: The ProQOL professional life scale and the Empathy Wear Inventory IDE both instruments serve as a source of support for the diagnosis of the subject and maintain a high standard of validity and reliability. In the case of the Inventory of wear by empathy IDE, it is evaluated by means of 3 subscales that intervene for the onset of the syndrome, which have been taken into account as diagnostic categories for addressing this case. On the other hand, the ProQOL professional life scale also evaluates 3 subscales, satisfaction with compassion, burnout and secondary traumatic stress; Among them, the results obtained from the first subscale have been used, which is oriented towards the use of empathy in the exercise of the profession and in turn, the impact that continuous use generates in the health professional. The results obtained in this regard denote an important relationship between the quality of the personal resources of the subject and factors such as the work environment or the relationship with patients as predisposing factors for the appearance of wear due to empathy, in addition a unique relationship between the condition is evident of a depressive state during their university studies and the presence of discomfort at present, these evidences of the syndrome are expressed by the health professional in ways such as neglect of their functions or inadequate treatment in the approach to the patient.