Determinación de la ecuación de costo para optimizar el diseño de sistemas de alcantarillado en el cantón Santa Rosa

Abstract

Civil engineering is an interdisciplinary science entrusted to solve social needs through durable, safe and functional infrastructure, which demands a cost and implementation based on a technical design, according to both current regulations and practical assessments. The essential resource is water, therefore, its use is indispensable in all activities directly and indirectly, until it fulfills its work and is discarded, through complex sanitary networks that discharge the fluid to natural slopes. Sewerage systems are one of the main works of a fiscal nature, because they satisfy entire populations according to technical restrictions, both socioeconomic and climatic, topographic or practical factors in managing their design. In the work environment, difficulties are observed when calculating budgets to implement sewage systems, there is no mathematical expression capable of optimizing the process of weighing costs or adjusting prices to minimize the amount of the project. The review about the context of the problem indicates a tendency to optimize the designs of health networks, minimize their costs and increase their benefits to the community however, a common restriction is the commercial diameter values that prevent the amounts from being minimized, despite complying with the technical conditions of the design therefore, it follows that it is imperative to focus civil works towards sustainability, justifying the execution of the study both from a technical and social point of view. The objective is to determine a cost equation through a numerical analysis to optimize the design of sewerage networks in the province of El Oro It aligns with national trends to efficiently manage resources and at the same time interacts with social problems in an effort to solve them, this being a career skill. The methodology applied is pragmatic, bibliographic research is used to characterize the criteria and inferences of the equation, comparative analysis when discretizing the class A items and mathematical modeling through the least squares to obtain the components of the equation and integrate a formula that comply with the practical technical requirements of the study. The main items found through the Pareto Rule are linear meter of pipe, concrete inspection wells Armed, excavation, match, sand bed, gravel fill, eviction and material filling that add up to 80 of the amount of work to be 20 of the total activities; they are plotted using Excel software to find their trend line and then find their mathematical relationship according to the type of function, the unit cost being in the ordinate, while in the abscissa the unit of the item.