Factores sociales que influyen en el consumo de drogas de los adolescentes del Colegio de Bachillerato Dr. Camilo Gallegos Domínguez

Abstract

The objective of the present study has assumed, to analyze the influence of social factors on the consumption of drugs by adolescents from the Dr. Camilo Gallegos Domínguez High School. In this sense, it is considered that the addictions to licit and illicit drugs in adolescents put public health, psychosocial integrity and the impact on social security at risk, since it is a socio-economic phenomenon, with wide involvement of factors that promote production, marketing and consumption of drugs, associated with illicit enrichment and money laundering. In the development of the research, quantitative-qualitative approaches were used, from the exploratory-descriptive level and logical-inductive analysis that allowed for the management and processing of data collected from the bibliography and the field, making use in addition to the investigation techniques like the observation, interview and surveys. The instruments were applied to a sample of 20 teachers, 20 parents and 150 students, respectively. Among the findings found is that the highest level in terms of the age of onset of consumption occurs in first-year high school students, between the ages of 13 to 15, while second-year high school students start drug use from the 15 to 17 years of age, being the drug of greater consumption the alcohol. Likewise, it is established that, despite having undertaken intervention strategies, their actions are minimal and with unsustainable and transformational impacts on adolescents with a preventive perspective on drug use. The proposed proposal consisted in the preparation of the interactive manual learn, educate yourself and prevent, drugs do not suit you, socialized with the educational community, In addition, the First Discussion Education and prevention of drug consumption in adolescents, social factors, consequences and experiences was held, aimed at teachers and students of the educational institution. In this framework of analysis and intervention, it has been worth mentioning that the Social Work professional plays a fundamental role in intervention with the family, where strategic actions are developed with the co-responsibility of each of the family members and the support of social networks, so that, the commitment to transform social reality is assumed, initially from the environment where patterns of behavior are acquired between what is said and what is done. On the other hand, it is necessary to discern the type of information that is provided when addressing the problem, where knowledge is strengthened and replicated with all members of the educational community, for this reason the manual aimed at strengthening is applied. of social skills as a drug prevention strategy. The problem of drug addiction in adolescents of the educational system, comes from the multiple sociocultural factors, this phenomenon is increasingly complex, for this reason the role of Social Work is required within the multidisciplinary team comprised of educational psychologist, clinical psychologist, psychiatrist and doctor. In this sense, through the conduct of the first discussion, awareness is raised about the prevention of drug use, consumption and sale, emphasizing the role of the professional to empower the educational community with viable instruments and intervention strategies according to the level of information and adjust to student understanding. In addition, an application was developed for teachers, parents and students to access this digital resource, strengthening the learning acquired in the intervention proposal and spreading it with family or friends, to prevent this problem.