Evaluación económica de una empresa comercial aplicando indicadores de liquidez y mercado en el periodo 2017 – 2018.

Abstract

The first thing we should know, is the operation of a company to some extent is given how efficient are the administrators in the financial management of resources, for which they use accounting means or techniques that allow them to have a more real vision of the economic-financial situation of the entity, it is here where financial indicators such as liquidity and market play a role based on the financial situational diagnosis of any entity, especially commercial ones, where the unexpected decrease in sales due to unplanned factors causing a delay in the conversion of dynamic assets, since merchandise inventories do not take effect quickly. This delay in the conversion of cash creates a situation of instability that generates that the company is not in the adequate capacity to cover its obligations with third parties; That is why, the present research that aims to address the economic evaluation of a commercial company applying liquidity and market indicators in the period 2017-2018, which starts from the need to know the real situation of a company that in the In recent years it has been having great interaction in the local economy, as is the company Ochoa SA, however management does not know the current financial situation of the same, so the inquiry process aims to analyze the economic situation, through the evaluation of liquidity and market indicators taking data from the financial statements of the 2017-2018 periods of Ochoa SA, to know the course of the company; as well as analyzing liquidity ratios to assess the economic situation through the application of liquidity indicators; Net working capital, current ratio and fast ratio of the company Ochoa S.A. in the 2017-2018 period; analyze the market reasons to relate their market value with the accounting values of the company Ochoa S.A. in the 2017-2018 period; and analyze the management of the economic activity of the company Ochoa S.A. in the 2017-2018 period. On the other hand, the diagnostic process was executed through a qualitative modality, that is to say, they compile data that allowed to better explain the phenomenon or object of study, for this it was necessary to apply quantitative method that contributed effectively in the collection of information. This method was characterized because the researcher had the power to contribute to this search based on his experience, as well as his value judgments; aspects that are relevant to the development of the study. It is worth mentioning that for the researcher it was totally feasible to develop this research, since I have the necessary resources to start the research process; among them were economic, technological and bibliographic resources (books, scientific articles, web pages and financial statements). On the other hand, in order to deepen the investigation, the interview technique was also used, to know directly the judgments and opinions of the accountant of the company and to raise doubts about the subject and finally to be able to perform an analysis of indicators to know the situation in which the company is located. This allowed the construction of the pertinent information for the analysis and discussion of the results, where it was found that the company Ochoa S.A., during the accounting year of 2018 represented an item of 1,023,082.94; while in 2017 it was 808,591.38. In other words, there was an increase of 214,491.56 regarding the net working capital, which is beneficial for the entity, since it is in the availability to meet the obligations acquired normally or when making new investments; in the same period in 2018 the current ratio represented 101,1488074; unlike 2017, which was 100,904173, with an increase from period to period, which is advantageous for the company, because it is able to fully comply with financial obligations, liabilities and short-term debts; it is this same context, with respect to liquidity indices in terms of the rapid ratio, during the year 2018 it was 41,1948263; compared to 2017 it was found at 40,69535002; what is denoted that there has been a significant increase, which represents for the company Ochoa S.A., represents an integral liquidity to be against the acquired obligations. In the case of the profit ratio per share of the company, it was found that during 2018 it was 6.48; unlike 2017, which stood at 4.78; having a significant increase; what is favorable for the company, meaning a considerable increase in market shares, that is, it is financially and financially sound; In this same context during the 2018 period, the company Ochoa S.A., in relation to the price-profit ratio, was 1,666.66, representing a decrease, since in the accounting year of 2017 it was found in 2,000. what means for the company a decrease in the profitability that is obtained by each action, to finalize, as for the reason of market value for the company Ochoa S.A., this item represented during the year 2018 a value of 1.80; unlike 2017, which was 0.80; that is, an increase was denoted, this is due to the fact that liquidity, asset ratio, as well as debt management and profitability are satisfactory. The efficiency with which the administrators have economically and financially managed the company Ochoa SA, has allowed them to have a favorable liquidity index which allows them to fully carry out their obligations with third parties, as well as to make future investments, this could be determined through the application of the financial indicators, so it is essential that all organizations make use of financial techniques that allow us to know the real situation in which they are economically both internally and externally, thereby making the right decisions.