Diseño de un sistema de drenaje, empleando la ecuación de ernst para el cultivo de banano, Machala - El Oro

Abstract

This research work is essential because technical information on dimensions and appropriate spacing is not reported in an open drainage system (ditches) in the area under study. Agricultural drainage is important because it helps to evacuate excess surface water as underground caused by irrigation or intense precipitation as well as also allows to control the salinity of the soil and have a good aeration reaching a better development of banana roots found on the surface of the ground. Its realization aims to use Ernst's formula for the calculation of this system, allowing to better determine the dimensions and spacing of the drains, because this formula is the most up-to-date compared to hooghoudt's with which to designed most drains on banana crops. The project was carried out in the banana house of the Farm "Santa Inés" located at the Technical University of Machala in the province of El Oro, to begin this research work data were taken of the ground ground ground for two months, every 15 days and if it was produced precipitation was recorded data for 3 days in a row after the rain, for this process 15 piezometers were previously installed, galvanized tubes of half an inch and of a length of 3 meters, randomly distributed throughout the study area with Support of AutoCAD 2017 and GPS. A hydrological study of the area was carried out to know the maximum precipitation in 24 hours of 21 years, obtaining this data from the weather station Granja "Santa Inés" from the page INAMHI, for this study the Gumbel method was used or also called called Gumbel distribution, a map of isohypsas was drawn up from a topographical plane where the piezometers are located and annotating the hydrostatic load of each point and with the values of the water table with respect to the surface of the terrain were drawn maps of isobatas. For the calculation of the hydraulic conductivity of the soil the Auger Hole method was used and for the determination of the physical properties of the soil, such as soil color, textural class, percentage of porosity, actual density, the values recorded by Shirley Melania Mateo Fernandez who carried out her research work "Assessment of soil degradation in two agro-ecosystems of the "Santa Inés" Farm. In the months analyzed and with the results obtained using the Ernst formula it was possible to identify that the dimensions and spacing of drainage systems in the study area are similar to those already installed on the ground and rather needed Maintenance of drainage systems, as well as being able to identify where the water table is higher to the ground surface, that the terrain is flat topography and few contours, and that it is a low precipitation area.