Indicadores de liquidez y rentabilidad: una herramienta clave para determinar la gestión financiera de una distribuidora farmacéutica, periodo 2017-2018.

Abstract

Over the years, the financial administration has played a fundamental role in the companies, this is because it allows to evaluate its operational and financial capacity through the application of its strategic tools, however, despite this, scenarios are presented in where certain companies tend to fail, all because of the mismanagement of financial resources, the incorrect planning of strategies together with the incorrect decision-making. That is why it is extremely important to have extensive knowledge about the benefits of the application of financial indicators. For this case, the analysis is based on the pharmaceutical sector. As is already known, the pharmaceutical industry has evolved in great magnitude over the years, standing out for its constant perseverance in development and innovation. Therefore, it is listed as one of the sectors with the highest investment in scientific research and development focused on the discovery and development of new medicines. Thus, its role in each country is considered essential because it contributes to improving the well-being and quality of life of people through the production and marketing of medicines, in order to cooperate in the prevention or treatment of diseases. Therefore, the present titling work is focused on determining financial management by analyzing the result of the liquidity and profitability indicators, based on the information reflected in the financial statements of the 2017-2018 period of the Cía Pharmaceutical Distributor. Ltda., In order to assess the economic situation of the entity. The liquidity of the company has been measured based on three reasons, the net working capital, the current ratio and acid test ratio; Regarding the level of profitability, it was necessary to apply the gross profit margin ratio, operating profit ratio, net profit ratio, return on assets and the rate of return on equity. This process allows to determine the variations that have occurred from one period to another. Depending on the object of study, the combined modality is adopted for the development of the case, since as its name implies, it combines the qualitative modality with the quantitative one, which allows applying a series of techniques, methods or approaches that make the inquiry and clear understanding of the phenomenon. Likewise, the research methodology focuses on bibliographic - documentary research, because in order to have a broader idea regarding the subject of study, it is necessary to search for theoretical references, for which the next step it is the exploration in the scientific community where publications of journals, scientific articles, as well as books or theses are found, in such sources necessary and relevant information is collected; Another method applied is the so-called case study, because it allows studying the phenomenon in its real environment, identifying the operation of the variables and understanding the scenario in which it is located, in this case, the information contained in the financial statements of the 2017 - 2018 period, where real data are found that will facilitate the quantitative process of the object of study. Therefore, after applying the financial indicators, it was determined that regarding the working capital the Pharmaceutical Distributor Cía. Ltda during the 2018 period earned $ 27’610,181.52; While in 2017 the result was $ 27’885.573.86, therefore, it is evident that working capital has decreased because current liabilities increased in 2018, however, the result is considered favorable for the company. As for the current ratio of the liquidity index, in 2018 the company had a return equal to $ 1.13 and in 2017 $ 1.16; As in the previous index, this also presented a decrease, among the reasons is the inventory rotation because for the year 2018 the balance in inventories increased, which leads to interpret that there is a low inventory turnover; However, the result is within the favorable level for the company. In the fast reason, the company's performance was $ 0.65 for the year 2018, and $ 0.61 for the year 2017; an increase is evidenced in this financial reason; However, unlike the previous ratios, the result is not favorable. On the other hand, just as it is essential to determine the liquidity of a company, it is also essential to evaluate the profitability in order to obtain information regarding the management that performs the same, that is why, when applying the profitability indicators, in the reason of gross profit margin the Pharmaceutical Distributor Cía. Ltda both in 2018 and 2017 presented a return equal to 16%, which evidences that the company has maintained its same operational level. In the operating profit ratio, it also maintained the same performance in both periods, equal to 3%, which is a positive result but not as favorable for the company as it is a low value. Regarding the net profit ratio, in 2018 the result was 1.88% compared to 1.98% in 2017, so it is interpreted that the index had an evident decrease. On the other hand, the ratio of return on assets (R.O.A) in 2018 reflected a yield equal to 5.5% and in 2017 6.3%; it also declined; However, it is still a positive result. Finally, in the ratio of return on equity for 2018, it obtained 29.60% and in 2017 35.35%, this scenario reflects the increase that the company had, as did the previous index. In this way, it was evident that the financial indicators constitute a key and essential tool to determine the financial management of a company, since, through the results, the decision-making process for management is facilitated.