Efecto del biocarbón y microorganismos en la producción y estado fitosanitario de banano orgánico en la parroquia La Victoria

Abstract

Bananas are the main agricultural crop in El Ecuador, providing substantial economic income to the country and is a job-generating activity for many families. Our country located on the equatorial line, has the best edaphoclimatic conditions, making this the Ecuadorian banana is credited with being the best in quality, promoting a great demand worldwide, placing it as the first exporting country. Taking into account the above, the average production boxes/ha/year is very low compared to other countries in the region where organic bananas are also produced, so this research topic was raised to look for better alternatives, the overall objective of which was to find a mechanism to increase productivity and resistance to the attack of pests and diseases in banana cultivation through the application of biocarbon and mountain microorganisms. The research was developed in the farm “La Playa” located in the parish of La Victoria, the experimental design that was proposed in the field was randomized blocks with five treatments and ten repetitions choosing only plants +2, performed on two types of soil; clay and sandy loam: T1 = witness; T2 = 10 applications of 50 g biochar + 50 ml of ME; T3 = 10 applications of 100 g biochar + 100 ml ME; T4 = (10 applications of 50 g of biochar + 50 ml ME), + 50 g Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) + 10g Fossil Shell Agro in maceration applied to the pseudostem and T5 = 1 application of 1000 g biochar + 1 lt ME. The variables to study were: Cluster Weight (PR), Spine Weight (PRq), Processed Ratio (RP), Hand Weight (PM), Number of Hands (NM), Number of Fingers (ND), Last Hand Calibration (CUM), Calibration hand of the sun (CSM), Number of Leaves (NH), Evalutionary State (EE), Age Clusters (ER), Weekly Growth cm (CS), Percentage of live roots at the beginning of the investigation (RVI), Percentage of live roots at the end of the investigation (RVF) and Return (Ret). The values obtained in the investigation show very significant data in the types of soil, in the clay loam the variables that were significant among the treatments according to the ANOVA statistical analysis were: PR the T4 with (73.90 lb), RP the T4 with (1.52), NM the T4 with an average of (8.30) but most of their clusters had 9 hands, CUM the T5 with (41.20), CMS the T5 with ( 44.60), in relation to RVI and RVF the T4 with (97.58%), Ret the T4 with (1.75) and in the B/C ratio the T4 with (2.78). In the sandy soil the variables that had a significant difference between the treatments according to the ANOVA statistical analysis were: PRq the T5 with (5.06 lb), RP the T3 with (0.813), ND the T4 with (24.8), in the relation of RVI and RVF the T3 having at the beginning (28.90%) and at the end (80.02%) was the The best treatment obtained in completely healthy roots, in the B / C ratio, T2 and T3 obtained the same value of (1.41). Concluding that the application of biocarbon + ME considerably improves productivity in the cultivation of organic bananas, in clay loam soil it is recommended to apply the doses of T4 for the reason that in the majority of the variables taken it was the one that obtained the best result and the one that will generate greater economic gains, in the sandy soil it is recommended to apply any dose of either T2 and T3 because at the moment of obtaining the B/C ratio they are the same values.