Tuberculosis bovina en animales faenados en el camal del cantón Santa Rosa provincia de El Oro

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease whose etiological agent is Mycobacterium bovis, which affects cattle, pigs, goats and other domestic and wild animals, it is also essential to mention that this pathology is also present in humans. The “Office International des Epizooties” (OIE), considers it as an important disease and mandatory notification due to the symptoms and negative organic alterations that it causes. The prevalence of bovine tuberculosis is a factor to be analyzed constantly, especially in developing countries, because according to publications from two decades ago, it was estimated that for 24% of bovine population in Latin America there were no prevention and control measures for this disease. Bovine tuberculosis (BTB), for being a chronic and zoonotic pathology, should have a high epidemiological surveillance in Ecuador, because in this country, as in other Latin American countries, there is an important economic implication and also in public health. In the slaughter center of Santa Rosa, an average of 23 cattle are slaughtered daily, intended for the consumption of the population. These animals come from different sectors of the province (upper and lower part of El Oro); previous studies like Lojan (1982) thesis, estimate in beef cattle 0.27% apparent prevalence of BTB in Santa Rosa - El Oro through the tuberculin test. On the other hand, Jaramillo (2002) indicates a 0% prevalence with macroscopic analysis, in a study carried out in the cantonal slaughterhouse; with the purpose of updating data about the percentage of tuberculosis in bovine animals, and being more precise in the final result of the investigation, a greater number of diagnostic methods have been implemented in this investigation than in predecessor studies. Using techniques such as macroscopic observation of retropharyngeal, bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes with compatible lesions with BTB, samples have been collected for a microbiological culture and Ziehl-Neelsen staining for bacilloscopy, In addition, the PCR-LAMP technique was performed to corroborate the obtained results. With this it was possible to establish the percentage of prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in animals slaughtered in the slaughter center of Santa Rosa. 157 animals were evaluated, of which by macroscopic inspection it was determined that 25 had evidence of compatibility with tuberculosis signs which represents 15.9%, In other words, their lymph nodes had caseous lesions or their coloration was yellowish, dark or grayish, always considering other abnormal conditions that could occur at the pulmonary level. These samples were transferred to laboratories of the National Institute of Public Health and Research (INSPI) in Guayaquil, respecting at all times the corresponding cold chain, then the microbiological culture was carried out in media such as Ogawa Kudoh and Stonebrink, it was incubated at 37 ° Celsius for a period of six weeks and then Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used to perform the bacilloscopy. The result obtained in the microbiological analysis was 28% (7/25) positive for BAAR (Resistant Alcohol Acid Bacilli) isolated in the two culture media mentioned. These positive samples were subjected to another study using the PCR-LAMP molecular test (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification) with which it was possible to show a prevalence of M. bovis of 0%, and 2.5% of animals with Mycobacterium spp. in cattle slaughtered in Santa Rosa.