Tuberculosis bovina en animales faenados en el camal del cantón Arenillas provincia de El Oro

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis is a bacterial zoonosis whose etiologic agent is Mycobacterium bovis, which is part of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. This pathology affects cattle, this being its main host, although it can also remain in reservoirs as in wild animals, domestic animals and human beings. This disease is considered a zoonosis in public and veterinary health, this bacterium has the ability to remain in the host for a long time without presenting symptoms, becoming a chronic process, which is activated by a depression in the animal’s immune system; according to statistics, the human is infected by the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products from carrier animals. In animals its dissemination is very fast because its main route of transmission is the aerogen and in the production processes there is a concentration of animals in relatively small spaces, this disease has a chronic evolution, and it´s important to say that its clinical diagnosis is difficult, therefore, complementary techniques should be used. This investigation is aimed at determining the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis, through macroscopic observations, specialized cultures, microscopy and PCR-LAMP analysis of lymph nodes obtained from suspicious animals at the slaughterhouse. This research work is observational, transversal, prospective and analytical. The research was carried out in two phases, one sampling and the other the microbiological study. The sampling was carried out in the municipal slaughterhouse of Arenillas during November 2019, with a population of 78 animals slaughtered from different places of the Arenillas canton and even from other cantons of the Province, from which 16 samples were taken from animals that presented their infarcted lymph nodes with lesions similar to those caused by the disease. The microbiological study was carried out at the National Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI) Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez in the Research and Zoonosis area. The microbiology included the seeding of lymph node preparations in specialized culture media for Mycobacterium, in culture media like OGAWA KUDOH and STONEBRINK, they were incubated at a temperature of 37 ° C for 6 weeks and until the Mycobacterium colonies were developed to perform bacilloscopy using Ziehl Neelsen staining and subsequently to Mycobacterium-positive colonies apply the PCR- LAMP technique, obtaining the following results: Of the 78 animals slaughtered, 20.5% (16/78) of pulmonary nodes with lesions similar to that caused by TBB are obtained macroscopically. Of which 43.75% (7/16) were positive for BAAR with the possibility of belonging to the mycobacterium complex, positive data in the microbiological analysis. These positive samples were subjected to the PCR-LAMP molecular test to confirm the results. All the positive samples according to the corresponding origin in their 100% to the Arenillas Canton, of the positive samples according to the race 100% were of mixed race, as for the age of the animals they are in an age scale of 4 to 6 years .