Evaluación económica del camarón (litopenaeus vannamei) en el sistema de transferencia con precría en la parroquia Tenguel, provincia de Guayas

Abstract

The production of shrimp in captivity is one of the most important economic items in Ecuador, the analysis of costs and profitability in many cases are not analyzed according to various technical parameters such as the days to harvest the factor of food conversion, nor is compared periods marked by weather conditions (temperature, rain, humidity, etc.). The intensive shrimp production model predominant in Ecuador is also affected by factors such as: decrease in water and food quality, animal stress and bacterial, viral or parasitic infections. However, the intensive farming system has been a great challenge for the shrimp producers, because the management of the specimens requires more care, which affects the production costs are higher, especially in the summer season when the temperatures on the Ecuadorian coast are below 24 °C. But the shrimp sector, despite having shown drastic changes in its production models, has managed to increase crop yields by using the transference production system in shrimp price, obtaining results that surpass those of extensive and semi-intensive crops. In this framework, the objective of the research was: Compare different production periods of the price transfer system in a shrimp company located in the parish of Tenguel, province of Guayas-Ecuador, according to several production indicators. During one year the production variables were recorded: fixed and variable costs, net income, net profit, food conversion factor (FCA), days without shrimp activity, cost of harvest logistics, profit margin and operating margin. To make the comparison between periods it was divided according to weather conditions into: summer (August-November), winter (January-April) and a transition period between May and July. A descriptive analysis was made followed by an analysis of variance and a Tukey test (p<0.05) of the variables listed. A multivariate analysis between the periods under study, the number of days, was also carried out. The winter period recorded a range of 60 to 91 days to harvest, while the summer period the interval was 86 to 112 days, the total production cost was higher in summer, but without showing significant differences with the rest of the period. The lowest average ACF was recorded in winter with 1.38. The multivariate analysis was influenced by the days to harvest, which indicated a significant increase in the profit per hectare and in the ACF. It is recommended to increase the study to a time series of more years to establish an analysis between the periods per year and thus build an equilibrium point for days and the optimal ACF at harvest. It is also recommended to enter price data for each season and year, because prices are seasonal and a very high fluctuation can alter the utility and generate a negative or highly positive interpretation for the CPT system.