Detección de streptococcus agalactiae en urocultivo de gestantes que asisten al Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Angela Loayza de Ollague durante 2019

Abstract

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a urinary infection that lacks symptoms and can be caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, which comes from the rectal area and can enter through the urethra and infect the urinary tract, pregnant women have a higher risk of suffering from such pathology, due to to the anatomical, immunological and physiological changes that occur during pregnancy and this is coupled with poor intimate hygiene and lack of sexual protection, if it is not diagnosed or treated, it can evolve into pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidney), it can also cause abortions, premature deliveries, low weight babies, neonatal sepsis, neonatal meningitis, neonatal pneumonia, so it is important to apply preventive measures in order to avoid such complications that can affect pregnant women and the fetus. Objective: To determine the incidence of Streptococcus agalactiae in uroculture of pregnant women through microbiological, biochemical and serological techniques for the prevention of asymptomatic bacteriuria at the Ángela Loayza de Ollague Obstetric Gynecological Hospital during the October-December 2019 period. Methodology: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The number of samples studied was 207 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria, a microbiological analysis was performed, using gram staining, catalase test and latex agglutination. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23.0 program. Results: By analyzing the results, it was shown that 16.4% of pregnant women have asymptomatic bacteriuria due to Streptococcus agalactiae. Among the risk factors that affect this pathology it is evident that 47.1% belong to an age between 35-44 years, a prevalence of 50% is received during the first trimester of pregnancy; 20.6% corresponds to pregnant women of black ethnicity, it is also related in patients with a history of diabetes mellitus with an incidence of 14.7%. In pregnant women with a history of asymptomatic bacteriuria no significant association was evidenced since 76.5% had not previously developed the infection. In relation to intimate hygiene, 50% of pregnant women performed genital cleaning once a day, and among the most frequent sexual practices is vaginal intercourse with an incidence of 64.7%. The degree of knowledge is low given that 70.6% do not know about Streptococcus agalactiae or the pathologies related to the bacteria. After analyzing the data collected, good habits of intimate and sexual hygiene were promoted through talks aimed at pregnant women, to prevent colonization of bacteria in the urinary tract and avoid complications that affect the quality of life of pregnant women and the fetus.