Repercusiones maternas y neonatales por el manejo inadecuado de la segunda etapa del trabajo de parto

Abstract

In 1930, some researchers from the United States and Germany associated the rupture of membranes as the main trigger for the progression of labor, then this idea is modified by Friedman who points out the dilation of the cervix is the main sign of the onset of labor. The second stage of labor considers the beginning of complete cervical dilation, and ends with the birth of the fetus; This stage lasts from 5 to 6 hours approximately in the primigesta, and 1 or 2 hours in multiparous. Objective: to identify when we are facing a second stage of prolonged labor as well as the knowledge of obstetric and neonatal repercussions. Methodology: A systematic descriptive investigation was carried out, through the collection of information and statistical data in scientific articles published in the databases of Pubmed, Cochrane, American Journal of Gynecology and Obstetric using analytical selection of bibliographic sources of the last 5 years With scientific significance. Conclusion: the increased maternal repercussions in the second stage of labor are recorded, they are associated with third and fourth degree lacerations, urinary retention, increased maternal heart rate, pelvic floor dysfunction, emergency caesarean sections, anal sphincter lesions, up to the most graves as hemorrhage; while the neonatal repercussions of a second stage of labor were decrease of the umbilical cord ph, decrease of the apgar score, shoulder dystocia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.