Proceso de atención de enfermería en paciente con criptococosis cerebral en el Hospital Teófilo Dávila

Abstract

Introduction: Cryptococcosis is a fungal opportunistic condition that occurs in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, most often in the latter group. The pathology is produced by inhalation of yeasts or spores, getting access to the brain or other organs. Its etiologic agent is Cryptococcus neoformans, encapsulated yeast that is freely found in the soil, in decaying wood, and bird feces. The fungus that produces Cryptococcosis was discovered about 100 years ago by Sanfelice, who originally isolated the microorganism from a peach juice. The overall burden of infection is high, especially in developing countries. Globally, one million new cases are calculated each year of Cryptococcus spp meningitis, resulting in approximately 625,000 deaths per year in HIV-infected patients, mainly affecting patients in sub-Saharan Africa (70%). Estimated mortality rates in North America vary between 9-20%. Patients may present with endocranial hypertension with symptoms such as headache, papilledema, diplopia, nausea that reach the vomit. In some cases the loss of visual acuity occurs. This is caused by the inflammatory response of immunocompetent patients. It usually has cryptococomas that are granulomatous lesions that are located in the cerebral hemispheres. The most frequent complications are: hydrocephalus, ventriculitis, meningoencephalitis, and myelitis. Objective: To establish the nursing care process, based on the assessment of a patient with cerebral cryptococcosis associated with HIV / AIDS. Methodology: A descriptive analytical investigation was carried out, applied through the collection and review of scientific articles, as well as the follow-up of the clinical case of a 52-year-old male patient with a medical diagnosis of cerebral cryptococcosis at Teófilo Dávila Hospital from the city of Machala, collecting the necessary information to carry out this study. For the execution of the Case Analysis, scientific, analytical and descriptive research was applied, which provided us with fundamental activities and characteristics on which the proposed study objective is based. Results: A 63-year-old male patient residing in the Barrio 29 de Noviembre Santa Rosa, El Oro Province, performed the anamnesis, the following information is obtained: Personal pathological history: HIV Family pathological history: maternal with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.