Determinación de la relación carga química grados brix en hojas y frutos de banano clon williams (musa x paradisiaca).

Abstract

The first non-oil export product in Ecuador is bananas, the national economy largely originates in the agricultural sector. Quality has been the best letter of presentation of Ecuadorian bananas, which depends on the water soluble aggregates that it can capture during the post-harvest, these can be intensified as maturation progresses, on the other hand, the use of fungicides used in Black Sigatoka control (Mycosphaerella fijiensis M.), including systemic and protective, elevates the chemical load of the plant and reduces the amount of Brix degrees. The foregoing reasons for the present study, considering three organic farms and three conventional farms in the cantons: Machala, El Guabo, Pasaje, Santa Rosa and Arenillas of the province of El Oro, where the banana crop is produced commercially, for analyze the ° Brix of fruit in ripening stage 5 (for consumption). The ° Brix was also measured in leaf in situ, taking measurements of luminosity inside the farms, soil samples were taken to be analyzed in the soil laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences the following parameters pH, EC, organic matter and texture. With the data obtained at each sampling point, spatial representation maps were made, which helped to interpret laboratory data obtained in relation to GBH, GBV and GBM. The study showed that conventional and organic farms are totally different in relation to ° Brix, in the development of the plant until the harvest these will be greater when conventional management is applied, unlike organic management, once the fruit ripens ° Brix intensify radically under organic management, leaving GBM levels below conventional management, demonstrating that organic fruit is more nutritious than fruit that receives a constant chemical load; factors such as pH, electrical conductivity, texture and organic matter of the soil are influenced by the management of the farm, whether conventional or organic, these will be different due to the use of agrochemicals that exist, the lux factor is a variable that depends directly from the climate, even though all these variables are related to GBH and GBV, the quality of the fruit will depend on internal and external factors, the GBM are much higher in farms with organic management of the Pasaje canton, followed by farms of organic management of the El Guabo canton, with respect to other cantons and other conventional and organic management farms. It was observed that 80% of conventional farms and 53% of organic farms with GBH> 13 are found in soils with a pH of 6 - 7.5; With respect to the electrical conductivity, the GBH manifested in greater quantity while the EC is high, quite the opposite occurs in the GBV whose correlation is inverse, the less amount of salts exist in the soil, the greater will be the ° Brix, as is checked at the estate of Mr. William Huarquila (15.50 GBH with a 0.34 CE); organic matter between 2.4 - 4.2%, indicated that GBH are> 13, compared to soils with organic matter of 0.60 - 1.80% in which GBH were <13; 80% of sampled farms of conventional management and 53% in organic management present GBH values> 13 with clay loam and sandy loam textures, the GBM will increase indistinctly from the soil texture; The lux from the spatial point of view does not intervene in the GBH, since more than 80% of the sampled farms have a GBH> 13 regardless of the amount of lux emitted, unlike the GBV and GBM in which if it intervenes, since the greater the amount of lux, the greater the increase of ° Brix, as evidenced in the organic farm of “Mr. Manuel Torres ”where 24.50 of GBM was obtained with lux> 1300.