Evaluación de la mineralización de biochar sobre parametros químicos del suelo en dos tiempos de incubación

Abstract

Agricultural overexploitation, climate change and monoculture in the last 50 years have been the main architects of soil degradation, causing their physical, chemical and biological properties to be lost, affecting the yields of agricultural production due to low fertility. Insufficient presence of nutrients. Chemical fertilization has been presented as a false solution to this problem, however, its excessive use has contributed to the more superficial edaphic horizons degrade more quickly, which has motivated the search for edaphic amendments of organic origin that help the restoration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Biochar in recent years has aroused the interest of countless researchers who have studied its properties, characteristics and uses for the benefit of agriculture. The incubation of soils in the laboratory provides necessary conditions for the mineralization of certain organic and inorganic products to occur, and in this way record the changes that occur through their application as an edaphic amendment. The present work aimed to determine the effect of biochar mineralization on chemical parameters of the soil as a function of time. The research was car out in the soil laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Machala. The experiment was car out under a completely randomized design where five treatments were evaluate with four repetitions in two incubation times: T0 = Soil (300 g) + Biochar (0 g); T1 = Soil (300 g) + Biochar (5g); T2 = Soil (300 g) + Biochar (10g); T3 = Soil (300 g) + Biochar (15g); T4 = Soil (300 g) + Biochar (20g). The variables evaluate us: pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter and ammonium. To analyze the data, an ANOVA with a general univariate linear model was use using the Duncan multiple range test, to verify if there was a significant difference between the treatments at incubation times of 30 and 60 days. The analysis was carried out with the statistical package IBM - SPSS Statistics data editor version 24 trial for Windows and a 95% reliability was used (α = 0.05). The results obtained showed that the application of biochar produced significant changes in the chemical parameters of the soil. The pH had an increase greater than 30 days compared to treatments submitted to 60 days, where it slightly reduced. The electrical conductivity at 30 days showed higher values than those obtained at 60 days, observing that the longer the incubation time there was a reduction of this chemical parameter. Organic matter increased as the doses of biochar were increased; however, the values obtained for this variable at 30 and 60 days were similar. Ammonium at 30 and 60 days showed similarity in the results of all treatments, with the exception of T4 which showed a significant increase, demonstrating that the time and dose of biochar employed affects the availability of ammonium in the soil.