Generación de mapas de riesgo a inundaciones en la zona urbana del canal el Macho de la ciudad de Machala

Abstract

The estuary El Macho was originally built for irrigation of the areas dedicated to cultivation, over the years and the considerable growth of the population caused the diversion of artificial drainage northeast of the canton, this situation accompanied by a plain with slopes low, in front of intense precipitations generated by the presence of the phenomenon of El Niño, they generate the increase of the normal level of the water causing floods that cause discomfort to the people who live near the banks of the canal, since flooding causes material losses. The objective of this experimental work is to analyze the risk of rain floods in the urban sector of the Machala canton adjacent to the El Macho canal, assessing the threat present due to heavy rainfall and identifying vulnerability by apples, using quantitative criteria for vulnerability and threat, allowing Know the areas with considerable risk indexes through the generation and composition of flood maps for possible avenues, in addition to the current vulnerability of the area at the apple level. For the adequate modeling of flood risk, three analyzes are used, which are proposed in the methodology applied based on evaluation criteria for the threat, vulnerability and risk. The first analysis consists of the characterization of the natural threat, requiring the use of topographic information through digital models of elevations obtained from the topography of the sector. Regarding hydrological information, the IDF equations of the Machala Aeropuerto station, Cod, M 00072, used by INAMHI in the 1999 Heavy Rain Study are used, establishing the design storm to define the avenues of interest.