Influencia de la progesterona en el desarrollo de tumores mamarios en perras de la clinica docente de especialidades veterinarias

Abstract

Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced mainly by the ovary at the beginning of estrus and in pregnancy by the placenta, which is responsible for preventing abortions, intervene in the development of embryos and other organs such as the mammary glands. Its maximum peak is reached in the first half of the right hand and then descend abruptly in the next half of this stage. Currently society is becoming aware of the importance of avoiding pregnancy in their pets so they subject females mainly to hormonal treatments to prevent pregnancy. The indiscriminate use of these products have contributed in a significant way in the appearance of pathologies related to the hormonal imbalance being the most frequent mammary tumors. In canine oncology, these neoplasms are the most common found around 50% malignant and 50% benign and in recent years the cases have been increasing disproportionately, much of them because certain tumors have large numbers of hormone receptors that influence their development such as RE-α, RE-β and RP. Mastectomy is the most effective treatment in benign neoplasms, but in the case of malignant tumors it is necessary to accompany them with chemotherapy; there is an exception such as in inflammatory cell carcinoma where the only recommended treatment is chemotherapy. One of the ways to prevent the development of this pathology is through early ovarian hysterectomy (OVH), preferably after the first heat, in order to avoid any metabolic alteration in the female. This research was carried out in the Veterinary Specialties Teaching Clinic of the Technical University of Machala (UTMach) located in the city of the same name, where the progesteronemia of eight whole canine females that presented mammary tumors was analyzed in order to know the level of progesterone in ng/ml, from which a blood sample was subtracted to extract the serum of the same one to later make the hormonal examination in a clinical laboratory of the city of Machala. After the surgical treatment, the tumor was collected and placed in a 10% formalin solution to preserve it until the date it was sent to the pathology laboratory to perform histological cuts and then for its subsequent reading to a veterinary pathology laboratory to determine the presence of malignancy in the tumors. The analysis was performed in Spss using the descriptive statistical method in which the average, mean and standard deviation of progesterone levels in patients with breast tumors were evaluated. In addition, the influence of this hormone could not be evaluated with the type of tumor because the results were unanimous. According to the research results show that progesterone levels of canine females with mammary tumors were recorded within baseline values ±1ng/ml, and it was shown that 75% of these patients were in geriatric stage and 25% were adults. Of all the tumors recorded, more than half (62.5%) were larger than 5 cm in size and the rest (37.5%) were smaller than 3 cm; no tumors between 3 and 5 cm in diameter were recorded. There was a higher incidence of inguinal breast tumors (M5) with 35.29% and a lower incidence in the second abdominal pair (M4) with 5.88%. Animals with good body condition (BCS 3) were reported to have a higher incidence of this type of neoplasms. Subsequent to the histopathological result, it was determined that 100% of the samples collected were malignant with 50% adenocarcinoma, 25% hemangiosarcoma and therefore it is concluded that there is no significant difference that allows to declare and 12.5% carcinoma and mixed tumor respectively. After analyzing all the results it was demonstrated that these tumors are not dependent on progesterone because they were within the basal levels.